Ethic and Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethic and Morality - Essay Example To fully define the anti-nature concept, Nietzsche makes it clear that when one denies his own passion, then he is denying the reality. To him, the greatest and best moralities are those, which accommodate nature while the weakest are those who deny it. Particular, the philosopher state that an individual should have a free will to choose what he or she wants and nothing should control or trigger him to do something. In his concept of morality as anti-nature, Nietzsche stated how the extensiveness of morality and religion alter the human nature. Even though many people believe that religion provides a sense of direction in life, the philosopher strongly disagreed. According to him, following a religion means ignoring the nature of humanity since an individual is forced to act in a certain way that pleases the Maker. I disagree with Nietzsche since his argument opposes the religion and thus, discourages most Christians from reading. This essay supports Irish Murdoch’s philosoph y since he captivates readers’ attention with her adequate knowledge in literature and philosophy. Although both Nietzsche and Murdoch deal with the concept of morality in a similar way, there are differences on how the two present their argument. Nietzsche based his argument on a naturalistic perspective of how religion contradicts how humanity is responsible for controlling their given passions and nature. However, Murdoch includes religion in the equation of morality. He based his argument on morality without and with God thus allowing readers to understand his point of views (Jacobus 55). Unlike Nietzsche, Murdoch engages other people’s philosophies in great depth and further incorporates them in her discussion. Nietzsche uses deists’ intellectuals and gives no or little credibility to their experiences and beliefs. While researchers, scholars, and deists can think about other philosophers’ argument on the subject while reading Murdoch argument, Murdo ch creates a platform where readers can decline or accept her argument at any point. Based on how Murdoch presents her arguments, readers can think that the author has not yet concluded her argument but given her readers a free will to choose what they believe. Nietzsche does not take a psychological path to examine the virtue of duty or responsibility (Friedrich 405). Although both Murdoch and Nietzsche derive their beliefs about morality from nature, Nietzsche quoted that â€Å"each individual has the duty to carry out his passions. Just as modern moral philosophers were rediscovering the virtues, social psychologists were uncovering evidence of the church being hostile to human nature † (Friedrich 404). The moralities of being weak in life are discussed in the religious cloak and in this case, Nietzsche believes that the church is hostile to human nature. From Nietzsche’s argument, one can derive the fact that the greatest moralities are those that embrace nature wh ile the weakest deny it. At this point, Nietzsche provides readers with a system that can benefit human beings in life especially on love and hostility. However, Murdoch takes a psychological path and examines the virtue of responsibility or duty. At this point, Murdoch believes that fulfilling one’s duty towards nations, institutions, and others is virtuous deed outside religion. Murdoch continues to argue that dutifulness is in our human nature. It is crucial

Critical review of haemolytic disease of the newborn Essay

Critical review of haemolytic disease of the newborn - Essay Example The mother's immune system sees the baby's Rh positive red blood cells as "foreign." Just as when bacteria invade the body, the immune system responds by developing antibodies to fight and destroy these foreign cells. The mother's immune system then keeps the antibodies in case the foreign cells appear again, even in a future pregnancy. The mother is now "Rh sensitized." In a first pregnancy, Rh sensitization is not likely. Usually it only becomes a problem in a future pregnancy with another Rh positive baby. During that pregnancy, the mother's antibodies cross the placenta to fight the Rh positive cells in the baby's body. As the antibodies destroy the red blood cells, the baby can become sick. This is called erythroblastosis fetalis during pregnancy. In the newborn, the condition is called hemolytic disease of the newborn. (Vucinovic M, Jadric H, Karelovic D, Roje D, Haspl-Hundric Z, Hrgovic Z, Vucinovic Z, 2004). Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) occurs due to maternal IgG antibodies crossing the placenta thereby producing hemolysis mainly due to Rh, ABO and Kell groups. A systematic approach to the Rh HDN involves an obstetric history of previous isoimmunized baby, timing and regular monitoring of maternal Rh antibodies and pigment assay of amniotic fluid. Timely decision regarding in utero transfusion and early termination of pregnancy based on the maternal monitoring has radically improved the outcome of these babies. Antenatal prophylaxis with anti D has resulted in great reduction in the magnitude of Rh problem. The fetal blood sampling and in-utero intravenous transfusions has made it possible for almost 100% survival of isoimmunized pregnancies without hydrops. Alternative methods--IVIG and plasma exchange are still of limited application. ABO HDN though common is not a serious form of disease and dose not warrants invasive antenatal monitoring. Anti-Kell is found in patients hav ing received multiple transfusions and the rapid progress of hemolysis in them may not allow such systematic follow up as in Rh HDN. (Narang A, Jain N, 2001). Antibodies are produced by B lymphocytes. Maturation culminates with migration of the B cells to the reticulo-endothelial tissues of the body including the lymph nodes and parts of the spleen, bone marrow, liver, gastrointestinal tract and other tissues. Antibodies are a miscellaneous mixture of serum globulins and share the ability to bind individually to specific antigens. Those serum globulins with antibody activity are known as immunoglobulins (Ig). All immunoglobulin molecules have common structural features. The part of the molecule that binds to the corresponding antigen is different in each immunoglobulin. The basic

Assimilating to St. Mary's University Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assimilating to St. Mary's University - Essay Example It also has two main academic libraries, Louis J. Blume Library and Sarita Kenedy East Law Library. Besides these, the institution has academic resource centers that aid students in their academic pursuits. Such centers include academic advising, academic technology services, information technology services, learning assistance center and an office for the retention of students. The university also offers special academic programs such as: b. Center for International Program: This mainly comprises of three main bodies, International Student and Scholar Services, Study Abroad Offices, and an Intensive English Program. This program is designed to help students have a touch of the complexities and intricacies of those living and working outside the US including their way of thinking. c. Marc U* Star Program: This is largely known as the Minority Access to Research Careers (MARC) Undergraduate Student Training in Academic Research (U*STAR). This program provides students with majors in biochemistry, biology, physics and chemistry with the opportunity to finish their research training and work together with their faculty members. Other programs include Marianist Universities Student Exchange Program, Military Science, McNair Scholars program, PREP, Nelson Wolff Law Early Admission Program and the Undergraduate Research program. Admission to the university is both at the first year undergraduate, transfer undergraduate, international undergraduate, graduate, and law school levels. It also has an alumni body of students that allow for the ease of connection for the former students thus, making them to be in a close–knit form of community always, even when separated by miles apart. The campus life in the university engages students in various activities and from the coordination by the Dean of Students office, students are able to engage in several activities such recreational

Strengths and weaknesses of post-modern organization theory Essay

Strengths and weaknesses of post-modern organization theory - Essay Example Many of the givens about order, structure, communication, and the division of roles have been adjudged as transactions of power between two or more competing perspectives. On this note, it becomes important to consider the application of power in a way that reviews and possibly adjusts the positions that were previously held firmly within the understanding of modernism. In essence, post-modern theory of organization seeks to relax the strict positions promoted within the structures of modernism (Hatch, & Cunliffe, 2013, p. 60). Such a process relates to the imagining of the positions, roles, and processes of management and the elevation of various positions that were built on seemly irreducible principles. The increasing of alternatives in standard procedures have opened avenues for experimentation with new systems. The fluid natures of the markets, the flexibility of commercial processes have moved the center of organizational expression from the previous positions in ways that connect well within the different positions that are adopted within current systems. Changes in organizational culture and the impact of globalization and liberalization are viewed as some of the landmark factors, which have influenced the emergence of fresh perspectives on the organization in terms of systems and structures (Hatch, & Cunliffe, 2013, p. 11). In the current p rocesses of organization, the manifestations of many changes within the organization are considered as outgrowths of the dominant ideology. The post-modern theory of organization contests the view that the traditional and conventional systems of organization are natural (Linstead, 2004). Instead, the theory affirms that all such processes are transient, flexible, and socially constructed. The internal workings of such systems is created in a way that makes it to respond to certain aspects of change that connect with change. Interpretations of the primacy of conventional and standardized systems as designed by modernism are entrenched within unyielding perspectives that promote the notion of absolute truths and systems. Such arguments have been used to promote authoritarian styles of leadership and organizational structure as understood together with other ideas that affirm the primacy of systems and processes. In the analysis of the manner in which an organization determines the ord er of its structure, theorists have sought parallels and precedents from past and existing systems. The force of history and the high value of metanarratives that determine the nature of processes are some of the qualifying factors, which help entrench the systems that have been naturalized by the force of modernisms (Hancock & Tyler, 2001). According to critics of modernism, the aspect of modernism seeks to establish firm positions and to impose laws and procedures in ways that leave little room for the expression of alternative thought. It has often been argued that the substance of modernism connects the positions held by the dominant powers and implants them onto all other systems in order to defeat every effort that attempts to demonstrate some desire for alternatives. Corporate

Social Entrepreneurs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Social Entrepreneurs - Research Paper Example This definition of social entrepreneurship is seen to model it along the lines of the functionalist perspective or theory. Social entrepreneurs are able to act as change makers in today’s society through their seizing of the opportunities that might have been missed by others, improving the existing systems in use, creating more sustainable solutions and inventing new approaches designed to encourage the society to change for the better (Roger and Osberg, 2007). The United States’ history is rife with numerous examples of social change movements. These movements included the Civil rights movement, the women’s movement, the students movement, the Lesbians, Gays, Bisexual and Transgender rights movement as well as the currently ongoing occupy Wall Street movement for social change. The civil rights movement has had a colorful history in the United States. Some of the highlights of this history include the 1775 publishing of African Slavery in America by Thomas Paine who was an abolitionist, the removal of Indians from their lands and their subsequent revolts, the fight for the rights of African Americans by Martin Luther and the recent fight for gay rights. And the women’s sufferance movement that sought to establish the right for women to be allowed to vote (Banmaszak, 2001). The functionalist perspective generally attempts to try and explain social institutions as being collective means which can be used in meeting both social and individual needs. In formulating the theory, Durkheim was primarily concerned with answering the question of just how societies are able to effectively maintain their internal stability and survive over time. The functionalist perspectives society as functioning in a similar manner to organisms and it is the responsibility of social institutions such as social entrepreneurship to work together so as to effective reproduce and maintain these organisms (Boundless, 2013). As a result of the various parts

Getting Interactive Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Getting Interactive Research - Essay Example Moreover, exercises that focus in problem solving and group discussion are crucial in integrative learning tools. This essay focuses on the reasons why interactive approach is essential in training adults. Interactive learning is grounded on the principles of adult learning theory, which emphasize on the need for active involvement of learners in the learning process. According to Trotter (2006), adults appreciate training approaches that allows them to perform tasks such as solving their own problems or training others through sharing of experiences. Adult learning theories focus regarding the ways in which adults learn new skills or acquire information. The adult learning theory, which was developed by Malconlm, Knowles, and Jane Vella, shows that adults prefer learning approaches that enable them to share life experiences and integrate them in the learning process. Interaction is a process that can be created and enhanced. This is done through activities such as scavenger hunt, ro le-play, case analysis, virtual laboratory, and introduction of learning game in the learning process. Such activities encourage learners to find knowledge that is applicable to a given topic and use it in problem solving. Moreover, interactive learning encourages learners to develop novel perspectives, which they can use in their work places. A number of principles govern adult learning process. The principles emphasize on the significance of interactive learning process. For effective learning, adults require to be respected. Moreover, adults prefer a learning process that enables them to realize immediate practicality of learning. Another principle that governs adult learning is creation of a safe learning environment. Another principle that is essential in adult learning is the level of engagement. Adults learn best when actively involved. According to Merriam (2011), interactive learning should be relevant and applicable to real life situations. Therefore, interactive learning process is should meet the above principles for it to be essential. Malcolm Knowles adult learning theory discourages use of teacher-centered models in teaching adults. His theory promotes training strategies that relate to the learners experiences. This increases the relevancy of the concepts making it easy for the adult learners to conceptualize different concepts. Knowles theory consents that interactive learning engages the learners encouraging them to be explorative other than knowledge recipients, which enhances discoveries. Activeness characterizes interactive learning and encourages learners to apply their skills instead of memorizing information. Jarvis (2004) argues that activeness is essential since adults are able to retain knowledge when they learn through application or if they are engaged in discovering the content. Unlike the traditional teacher centered training approach which equipped students with skills to enable them pass tests, learner centered adult training a pproach enables student retain the knowledge. This essential since it enables learners to apply the knowledge acquired in class in the real world. Jack Meziro theory of transformative learning identifies reflection as crucial in enhancing learning. Therefore, interaction is essential in ensuring that the learning process results in direct effects such as acquisition of competency and changed

Jury Trials and Plea Bargaining Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jury Trials and Plea Bargaining - Essay Example Some of these issues have been addressed through a variety of initiatives but the perception still persists that a judicial system that is skewed towards the mighty, the rich and the influential have a built-in bias against the poor litigants and other members belonging to the lower strata of society. The view is that justice is not blind, instead, there is a tiered or layered dispensation of justice which favors the elite of this country and disregards the rights of the common poor people. As they say, justice delayed is justice denied, as the rich can exploit the loopholes in the system, hire the best lawyers and use all the means and devices to delay a trial by numerous postponements and appeals. This is the prevailing view today, which requires government action to remedy this bad situation in order to improve the administration of justice and restore the people's faith in the system. Discussion Court administration falls under the rubric of public administration and many people do try to improve its efficiency through various reforms and initiatives. Judges and the other court personnel, both at the trial and appellate tribunals, try hard to find new ways to process the cases more speedily through more efficient use of both judicial time and court facilities to avoid the so-called litigation crisis increasingly seen today and experienced by litigants (Swanson & Talarico, 1987, p. 40) which should translate to a smoother functioning and avoid these costly delays. The judicial administration has previously persistently resisted attempts at reforms due to a prevailing view that judicial independence is paramount regardless of however it works with the other government agencies, mainly the police, in the administration of justice. Its independence is a stumbling block at introducing reforms because any attempt to do so is interpreted or easily misunderstood as undue interference in the so-called separation of powers doctrine, it being the co-equal branch of th e other two branches of government, the executive and the legislative. This view has slowly changed over the years, as there is now an increasing realization that the sheer number of cases, both civil and criminal, have swamped the courts. This has necessitated a good number of initiatives which shifted the focus from adjudicative to administrative justice. De-clogging the courts – one good way to clear the courts is to prevent many less serious cases from even reaching the formal court system by dealing with it as early as possible while it is still in the pretrial stage. This is achieved by a number of ways like diversionary schemes, arbitration, mediation, plea bargaining and administrative penalties in an assembly-line manner which is utilitarian in nature, as contrasted to the previous rights-based theories of justice like the human rights and due process issues which are both inefficient, prone to delays and expensive (King, 2009, p. 186) because of economic considerati ons which trumped social considerations due to chronic budget deficits and other fiscal constraints today. Many of the rights of the accused are seen to be causing excessive delays, like the right to be presumed innocent, right to an attorney, right to remain silent, right to post bail and the right to file an appeal.