Ethics During Change Essay

As society has seen over the last few decades, ethics had not been at the forefront of organizational decision-making and change processes as it should have been. Unfortunately because of the actions or lack of actions by the few, many lives have been devastated and society’s view of corporate organizations has been severely damaged. Between government interventions, and organizational realizations, ethics seem to have become a focal point during the decision making and change processes. Most organizations realize that changes must occur to maintain, sustain, and grow, and the inclusion of ethical considerations is imperative to sound decisions and implementation. Organizations must make a commitment to themselves and society, to uphold a high level of ethical standards and behaviors, to ensure the view of the organization remains positive. Simply stated, ethics are beliefs individuals and organizations have that determine what standards or behaviors are deemed to be appropria te or inappropriate. According to Sonenshein (2009), there is a theory about the emergence of ethical issues during the change process (Sonenshein, 2009, p. 230). Sonenshein (2009) explains that the starting issues found in change are, â€Å"trigger points, ambiguity, and employee welfare frame† (Sonenshein, 2009, p. 230). Sonenshein (2009) further explains that the starting issues found during the implementation of change, refer to an individual’s sense-making about the organizational change (Sonenshein, 2009). Sense-making, according to Palmer, Dunford, and Akin (2006) â€Å"is a significant part of importance to understanding the change† (Palmer, Dunford & Akin, 2006, p. 190). When one does not have a clear understanding of the changes occurring, and the effect or consequences the change will have on him or her and the position held within the organization, emotions tend to become involved. One emotion described by Sonenshein (2009) is that an individual may perceive during the ch ange process, is â€Å"loss,† which he explains may also lead to an individual believing that he or she has been treated unfairly (Sonenshein, 2009, p.  231). To further add to ethical change issues, if the directives created for the change are not clear and concise, the interpretation of what is to occur can have multiple meanings and cause confusion. Ambiguity occurs when, â€Å"an organization has a vision but is not prescriptively clear on how to achieve it† (Palmer, Dunford, & Akin, 2006, p. 268). Palmer, Dunford, and Akin (2006) explain the importance of communication during change implementation as well as factors that help to create a sense of confusion. The three factors mentioned are, â€Å"message overload, message distortion, and message ambiguity† (Palmer, Dunford, & Akin, 2006, p. 268). The purpose of communication is to ensure each individual understands the changes to occur, the reasons for the change, and the effects expected from the change. The individual must have the ability to make sense of the change, understand the social impacts of the change, to ensure he or she is willing to â€Å"buy-in† to the change. The â€Å"employee welfare frame† is explained as a thought process some employees choose to use to determine the impact the organization’s change will have on him or her, and any inherent rights that may be infringed upon because of the change (Sonenshein, 2009). As explained by Sonenshein (2009), â€Å"poorly managed change efforts erode organizations relational health† (Sonenshein, 2009, p. 233). For an organization to achieve a successful change, the stakeholders must see the benefits associated with the change. The stakeholders must also have a clear view of the organizations vision and mission to accept and commit. Some organizations may take short-cuts in efforts to speed-up the change process; others may conceal information from employees and external entities that may be vital to gaining acceptance and commitment, thus damaging how the organization is viewed by stakeholders. Ethics in business must remain at the forefront of any decisions or changes during discussions or implementations. As seen, ethics in business is not confined to simply financial reporting; ethics encompasses every facet of organizational health and growth. References Palmer, I., Dunford, R., & Akin, G. (2006). Managing Organizational Change: A Multiple Perspectives Approach, 1e. Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Sonenshein, S. (2009, Jan/Feb). Emergence of Ethical Issues during Strategic Change Implementation. Organization Science, 20(1), 223-239. Retrieved August 23, 2013 from http://sonenshein.rice.edu/uploadedFiles/Publications/Sonenshein_emergence%20of%20ethical%20issues%20during %20strategic%20change%20Org%20Science.pdf

Global Opportunities for Pounder Bicycle Company Essay

Business firms struggle to remain global in scope and these organizations are faced with several challenges in there contemporary business dealings and there is a requirement for such firms to struggle for there continued existence. Research indicates that business environment keeps on varying as these organizations endeavour to sustain their market share as well as provide quality products/services to there clientele. Business environment entails both internal and external features that may influence upon the expansion and general performance of the business. Contemporary firms are required to construct economic and political links that typically take the structure of transfer of goods, finances and populace across national boundaries. This phase of relationships has in the process witnessed combined sharing of information and philosophies that has led to enhancement in the swiftness of change, ambiguity, uncertainty, and impulsiveness in day to day business undertakings (Lee and Carter, 2005). This paper will therefore examine Australian business environment and particularly examine the current political, economic, social-cultural, technological and legal environmental factors that impacts business entry to Australia. It will further examines the concept of globalization with relevance to Pounder Bicycle Company’s competitors, overall market size, marketing strategies, market entry strategies, project costs and the benefits that the company will attain if it will succeed in Australia. Australia Environmental Analysis Political  Political factors may have a direct and indirect effect on the performance of the Pounder Bicycle Company. Some of the decisions made by the Australian government may impact negatively on the operations of Pounder Bicycle. For instance, the decision to minimize the production and marketing of high performance bicycles to countries believed to be a threat to Australian local industries. This will definitely have huge implications to the company particularly in the marketing of bicycles in Australia. Economic Every business organization including Pounder Bicycle Company is affected by economic factors. Fiscal policy rates, inflation, interest rate policy, cash exchange rates, monetary policy and consumer factors among other economic factors set forth in Australia may have an impact on the company’s undertakings in Australia. Research indicates that the Australian climate of the economy dictates how the consumer behaves in the economy. Australian economy is reported to be in a boom thus there is increased speculation that the company’s customers can obtain the bicycles comfortably i. e. comfortable with the prices of the array of bicycles. Opportunities for the company however exist since Australia government opts cycling of tourists meaning there is market for the bicycles because it supports the economic growth of Australia (Austroads, 1999). Social-Cultural Forces within the Australian community such as family, friends and media will have an impact on how Pounder’s Bicycles will perform in the market. Research reveals that in Australia, many customers have been misinformed to believe that bicycles from Australia only are of quality and of high quality thus those coming from outside Australia may be of low quality. Such social factors affect the customer’s attitude, opinions and interests on how they will approach the Pounder’s bicycles in Australian market. Technological The way Pounder Bicycle Company will operate its business will also depend on technology changes. The internet will boost the company’s chances to meet new markets in Australia and extend its global outreach. However, it can be noted that the company will not require high technological inventions since it will manufacture traditional bicycles and market the bicycles in Australia. Legal  The way the company will operate in terms of operating rules of law in Australia will matter a lot. The company will be engaged in legal business practice of marketing bicycles which is permitted by Australian law. Therefore Pounder Company will not be against the Australian law thus it will be an ideal opportunity for the company to market its bicycles in its new market i. e. Oceania Australia (Cycling Promotion Fund, 2006). Industry Analysis Australia is one of the most powerful nations in the world boasting of a well-built society, politics, customs and economy. It has contributed significantly to the entire economy of Europe and the entire world today over the past. Right from the beginning of European incorporation, it has been a main contributor to the expansion of the European Union and it is looked upon as one of the pillars of the continent and the European Union at large. Australia is vigorously concerned in almost every phase of the European Union and the most outstanding ones are; provision of political leadership, military relations, economies, diplomacy and policy making. Sale of bicycles in Australia is a popular market since many of the individuals living in Oceania use bicycles to travel to workplaces and learning institutions among other places. Research indicates that bicycles in Australia are popular means of transport since many people believe that the use of such bicycles are of great benefits particularly health benefits i. e. by riding bicycles to various places it is a way of exercise thus individuals have no need to go to gyms for further practise. The growth of bicycle industry can be traced back to 17th century in Australia which by then bicycles were the most popular and convenient way of transport in the country. Good economy, stable exchange rates, flexible import duties, better trade tariffs and more importantly, the single currency used by the two countries are factors that promotes international marketing. Europeanization has directly affected the governments of the member states; this means that the developments that Australia has gained so far in culturally and domestically are linked to the European Union’s progress (Hill, 2005). The comments by the Minister of Transport of Australia and Regional Services Mr. John Anderson that the enhancement of the total of secure cycling in Australia will improve the Australian well being automatically indicates that the bicycle industry in Australia is popular and therefore Pounder Bicycle Company has the opportunity to utilize such ready markets in Australia. The minister further believes that a raise in cycling will advance transportation access for lots of the local people in Australia, amplify levels of personal health and also trim down the greenhouse emanations, air contamination and traffic jams. Further more, cyclists and non-cyclists will gain from lesser health expenditure in the society, a smaller amount of traffic on Australian infrastructure and more importantly enjoy cleaner air (Cycling Promotion Fund, 2006). Therefore with such reasons and intentions by the Australian government it implies that cycling is more encouraged and thus Pounder Bicycle Company can venture in Australia since it will face no hostility or lack of market for the bicycles since the government of Australia encourages individuals to use bicycles in their day to day activities. Further, the size of bicycle market in Australia is reportedly to be approximately over a billion dollars at retail level per year; adults in this case are highest buyers or owners of the bicycles as compared to children. Also there are a variety of bicycles being sold by different companies who manufacture bicycles in Australia; many have emphasized on the comfort and speed of such bikes. Therefore with such industry trends in Australia Pounder Bicycle Company will have the opportunity of selling traditional bicycles to Australians since research indicates that such types of bicycles are on the decline (Cycling Promotion Fund, 2006). Market Pounder Bicycle Company should not concentrate on the Australian bicycle market but instead should identify particular market segments which will record high sales of traditional markets. Therefore the company will have not to compete in the entire market but rather identify its strongest segments that will ensure success of the company in Australia. Pounder Bicycle Company should utilize encirclement strategies for winning the competitors in Australian bicycle market. Such a strategy is also referred to as envelopment strategy and it is considered subtle, moderate and a bit non-offensive but dangerous way of offending the rival. Pounder Bicycle Company can utilize two ways using his approach. First, the company can introduce broad range of bicycles that are alike to the competitor’s bicycles and each of these bicycles will get a share of the same market the competitor is currently in. In the long term, the rival will be demoralized, undermined and depressed thus the competitor at large may opt to give up the market. Such technique will ensure that full scale confrontation is avoided between the company and the target competitors in Australia (Brassington and Pettitt, 2000). The second approach that the company may utilize is that approach of market niches rather than concentrating on bicycles themselves. In this approach, the market share is liberated from the target competitor via the expansion of market niches that surround it. With such strategies therefore the company can achieve substantial market share which will eventually leads to success of the company in the long-run (Brassington and Pettitt, 2000). Market Entry Since Pounder Bicycle Company has opted to go international i. e. enter Australian market several market entry strategies are available to the company to utilize. However, such entry strategies differ with cost, risk and the degree of control which can be put into effect over them with particular regards to security of markets i. e. whether it will be successful. Pounder Bicycle Company should utilize the indirect method of entry to Australian market: Under indirect exporting market entry strategy, an exporter can access foreign market free from risks of doing it directly. It will involve Pounder Bicycle Company using independent organizations within the Australia’s domestic markets. The company can do this through various ways; for example, a domestic based export merchants, who will take the title of the bicycles and sells them in Australia, domestic based export agents who sell and market the bicycles on behalf of the company and co-operative organizations who act on behalf of the company. Pounder Bicycle Company should utilize such strategy by either choosing to use one of the above methods of indirect exporting because of the following advantages; communication is very much easy because the exporting company is domestically based and the risks of investing are much lower than coming up with full market in the host country i. e. in Australia (Kotler, Armstrong, Saunders, and Wong, 1999). Project Costs and Financing The whole project of entering the Australian market will require Pounder Bicycle Company to have substantial amount of resources in order to ensure the success of the firm in its business endeavours. The cost of entering the market for instance may be high thus necessitating the company to look for alternative way of sourcing funds. Further the cost of materials to manufacture enough bicycles to be sold in Australia may be high. The company therefore can utilize its own resources i. e. its savings although it should not exhaust all the financial resources in such venture because business entails risk taking. Therefore, the company should opt for loans from financial institutions in order to combine such funds with the internal financial resources that it has. Clear financial forecasting as well as financial cash budgets should be prepared by the company’s management in order to spend the financial resources effectively and wisely. HR Issues and Organization Structure Pounder Bicycle Company will be faced by issue of workforce diversity which is the spread of human labor across the entire globe irrespective of their area of specialization and skills entailed. The existence of the globalization concept have been realized when diverse patterns in workforce are put into consideration. Pounder Bicycle Company will also employ people from the host country i. e. Australia thus the firm will have to adhere to rules and regulations set forth for businesses in Australia regarding employer-employee relationships (Hoyer, 2001). The most excellent means Pounder Bicycle Company can openly develop its financial performance in the industry is to employ, choose and train the right personnel. The most excellent strategic exercise to realize this goal is to carry out what is usually termed as job-fit practice. Such practice is practical to the company since the workforce to be recruited will not be required to undertake further extensive training but carry out their responsibilities right away applying their skills gained somewhere else. Organizational effectiveness can only be achieved if the management of the company is be able to incorporate good leadership, motivation, a well defined organizational structure, forming group dynamics and setting up good structures for communicating in the workplace. Pounder Bicycle Company should formulate a flexible organization structure in the sense that they should be ready to cope with change without affecting their productivity especially when it intends to go international (Cullen and Parboteeah, 2005). Strategic Benefits to Pounder Bicycle Company An analysis of business environment will help the company to know of all the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that the company will face in there quest to expand to Australian market. Therefore the company will be able to consider the following factors: The speed of entering the Oceania market, flexibility/free and exit barriers, the costs to be incurred when entering Oceania market, the risks inherent in the course of entering the market, period of payback/how quick the firm can start earning the returns or proceeds from such investments and the company’s long run goals among other factors will be clearly known in advance. With ascertainment of the above factors therefore, Pounder Bicycle Company will be able to identify its strategic benefits form any opportunities that exist in the Australian market. For instance, the company will benefit from large market share since there is high demand of bicycles in Australia thus the company will realize substantial revenues because of high sales. The company will also strategize well in Australia thus being able to compete effectively with its both local and international competitors (Lovelock, 2006). Conclusion Business environment keeps on changing because of globalization and the concept of international businesses. Businesses therefore are faced with a lot of threats as well as have a lot of opportunities brought about by such aspects of business world. To attain greater investments and better market opportunities in the international market, it is necessary that primary and secondary market research is done (Cullen and Parboteeah, 2005).

Livelihood system among koyas

INTRODUCTION In the phase of globalization the question of livelihood has captured all the points of discussion. Various people have defined livelihood differently. Chambers and Conway (1992) define â€Å"A livelihood comprises the abilities, assets (stores, resources, claims and access) and activities required for a means of living: a livelihood is sustainable which can cope with and recover from stress and shocks, maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets, and provide sustainable livelihood opportunities to the next generation; and contribute net benefits to other livelihoods at the local and global bevels In the long and In the short term. In present days the Issue of livelihood has become a topic of concern In the context of tribal communities. Since centuries the tribal communities have been living in and around the forests, practicing hunting and gathering activities, fishing and shifting cultivation have faced difficulties in their survival. Traditionally they depend on forest resources for their livelihoods. Their dependence on forest was not merely for livelihood but also for their cultural requirement.For these people, forests are Important source of livelihood and means f survival (Saxons, 1999). Though, farming was there It was not much prominent. Their economy was subsistence in nature. Moreover, a number of small tribal groups are completely dependent on the forest for their livelihood. Fernando (1984) argues or that the destruction of forests over the past few decades has deprived tribes of their livelihood, particularly source of food. It has also resulted in their impoverishment, indebtedness and in many cases land alienation and even bondage.The concept of livelihoods and livelihood analysis emerged In the mild-inlets- loosely associated with poverty reduction strategies. Livelihood of the poor can never be understand in any track logic be it economic, social, technical, cultural or political. The livelihood systems are made up very div erse elements which taken together constitute the physical, economic, social and cultural wherein families live (Hogged, 2006). The life style and tradition of each indigenous community is unique and is related to the utilization of particular natural resource and particular type of work.They have been collecting resources from forest without causing any damage to It. The forest provides them food and livelihood security. Since tribal communities live in close proximity with biodiversity rich landscapes, they have evolved local specific and novel livelihood strategies based on their indigenous knowledge. This knowledge was passed on through generations and it played an important role in the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. By and large, they were depending on nature for their survival.Social and cultural diversity, coupled with the environmental complexity, have generated diverse approaches and technologies In he management and use of different natural resources (Mi shear, 2007). It is important to note that, traditionally villagers, specifically the tribal, managed their affairs and resources on a sustainable basis (Roy Barman, 1993). Their village councils ensured strict observance of institutionalized rules and cultural practices for the sustainable use and management of natural resources.They also regulated the use of natural resources more carefully. Studies have shown that most of the tribal communities effective methods to conserve them (Agile and Berks, cited from Sings, 1996). Indigenous peoples' knowledge, conservation beliefs and values, environmentally adaptive and sensitive land use, resource management practices, and determined defense of territory and natural resources have enabled many of them to inhabit in the natural habitats for centuries without destroying their ecosystems and biodiversity (Setters, 1997).The interaction between human being and nature has always been reciprocal. In tribal communities where there always exist a symbiotic relationship between their livelihood pursuits and the surrounding natural resources ease like the forest, land, water bodies, mineral resource and other flora and fauna. For tribal people, land is important source of livelihoods. Around 90% of tribe's populations in India are depending on land directly or indirectly for their survival (Versa 1995). Their economy is primarily agro based. Land is the only tangible asset for them.Apart from the land forest is the second source of their livelihood. They used to collect various minor forest products from forest for their survival. There economy was subsistence in nature. In Kumara, the village selected for the present study, the people's traditional activities are mostly dependent on forest and agriculture. During traditional society the size of population was small, availability of land per person was sufficient for sustaining and forest was near to their villages and able to fulfill villager's needs.They emphasize on equa lity and collectively while using natural resource. Their custom and tradition were not against the natural law. They have sufficient indigenous knowledge on how to use any plants or herbs as medicine. Significance of the study: Kayos were nomadic people in the past but got changed due to modernized technology. Their society became heterogeneous society because of the adoption of Hinduism, its rituals, festivals, practices, modern education, life style etc. Their culture is being rapidly changed by the influence of mainstream society.OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: 1) To understand the major livelihoods among Kayos of Wrangle. 2) To give an information about the connection between livelihoods and resources 3) To comprehend changing pattern of livelihoods and their coping mechanism. 4) To asses the government interventions in livelihood Data collection in the study area: The study area of KUMARA VILLAGE is under Davit Gram Penchant of Triangular Amanda, Wrangle District of Andorra Pradesh, Which is at a distance of 190 SMS from Hydrated.The fieldwork was carried out for 25 days as part of the study. Village census: In the first week the census data of the entire village was obtained. All men and women in the village were mostly farmers or agriculture labors, so to collect the census data we had to go in the morning before they leave to their fields. The interviews were conducted as per the convenience of the person after their consent was obtained. Group interviews: about how they organize different activities and informally asked them how they used to do the same activities in the past.The conversations revealed how they organized work in their respective fields and how obligatory it is to go and work when someone calls . We observed the nature of sharing labor in the village. In the village we can find of villagers taking turns for grazing of animals in the lands, this kind of turns showing the unity of the tribal people. Key informants: Key informants are important in the collection of data regarding for understanding the ways of hunting, rituals processes and also for understanding making of Sara (illegal) cheap liquor which they sell to earn money.Students of the village who are studying in colleges in Pasta and Hammond were very helpful in gathering information. Edema, Swaths and saran lath were very informative about how they celebrate festivals and how they are collecting minor forest products from forest. They took us to their fields and showed their fields and gave information. Savanna who is working as a forest officer in Pasta gave information about marriage celebrations, family relations etc.Limitation of the study: As the period of stay was very short and as the first week days were spent in rapport building the time left for actual data collection was very short. Hence sufficient information regarding some aspects could not be collected. Due to time constraint the fieldwork was carried out only for 23 days. If I could have spent m uch time in field it could have better to get more information. Therefore a detailed study is required to understand how tribal depend on natural resources and or use the resources to make a happy living.Also the study requires an understanding of how and from where they are getting their livelihood income. Apart from that what other resources are available to them. I have observed their traditional practices to find out the connection (if any) between the availability of resources and how these resources are used in generating their livelihood. They have various resources like land, water, forest. They depend on these resources doing their subsistence to make their life or for leading their life happily.

Completing the wheel Assingment 8 & 9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Completing the wheel Assingment 8 & 9 - Essay Example 5. Dittmar fears talking in front of people. He says: â€Å"To deal with this challenge, I --- either through a case of sheer brilliance or stupidity --- placed myself in front of a group of teenagers to teach high school English† (Dittmar 86). 6. I like the statements: â€Å"We all are blacksmiths in our own lives. How well we use the hammer and the anvil will determine how well we grow as individuals† (Dittmar 85). I like these statements because they basically wrap up the whole idea of the chapter. We are the masters of our lives and everything we get comes from every decision we make. 8. Fear results in us choosing to stay within our comfort zones, refusing to pursue the opportunities that lay before us. Fear will hold us back from re-inventing ourselves and creating a better â€Å"us.† 10. We can only expand ourselves through the process of â€Å"realization of self and the joy of expressing the quintessential part of who you [we] are† (Dittmar 87), and this can be achieved only by going through fire. 11. The qualities we need to develop to keep wheels moving with evenness are â€Å"curiosity, flexibility, self-reliance, persistence, imagination, risk orientation, ability to focus, and openness to new experiences† (Dittmar 96). 12. According to Dittmar, curiosity is important because it provides the continuous thrill and excitement of discovering new things in life. It prevents life from appearing stale and boring, and keeps the freshness of discovery alive. 13. The main quality that Dittmar developed to go from being a high school dropout to receiving a college degree is curiosity. He says: â€Å"I was just so curious about things† (Dittmar 98). He never planned what to do with it nor have grand dreams on the possibilities after achieving it. He was merely curious on perhaps what this will offer him after. 14. Flexibility is important to our development because it allows us to â€Å"notice

Social Networking and Enterprise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Social Networking and Enterprise - Essay Example Introduction The use of social media for the enhancement of organizational performance has been highly expanded the last years. In fact, since the appearance of social media and social networking, the terms of competition in the market have been changed. Businesses tend to focus on social media and social networking even if risks have not been eliminated. In banks and financial institutions the use of social media has an important implication: it can threaten the data stored in these organizations’ IT systems (Business Wire 2012). The case of Wells Fargo proves that social media can be successfully embraced in banks, even if changes are required so that the relevant framework to become more effective. The potential benefits of social media and social networking for Wells Fargo are explored in this case. It is proved that the organization is highly developed in terms of social media; still, the development of certain policies could allow the organization to improve its social p resence, even in the long term. 2. Main Findings 2.1 Advantages and disadvantages of social networking presence for Wells Fargo 2.1.1 Social Networking and Social Media in business environment Social networking has become a quite popular practice in organizations worldwide. In order to understand the potential value of social networking for modern businesses it would be necessary to explain primarily its general context, as described in relevant literature. According to Daft (2009) the term ‘social networking’ reflects a framework that offers to its users the potentials of ‘peer-to-peer communication and sharing of information’ (Daft 2009, p.312). In other words, social networking represents an ‘online community the members of which can interact and share personal data, information and opinions’ (Daft 2009, p.312, Figure 1). Waddill and Marquardt (2011) note that social networking refers mostly to the ‘online clustering of individuals int o groups’ (Waddill and Marquardt 2011, p.237). The terms under which these groups are developed are depended on the rules of each social networking site, as aligned with existing legislation in regard to online activities and communication. The organizations that employ social media and social networking in their daily activities are also known as social organizations (Bradley and McDonald 2011, p.18). These organizations are aware of the value of social networking and social media and are capable of using these frameworks not only for increasing their performance but also for establishing a long-lasting relationship with their stakeholders (Bradley and McDonald 2011, p.18). The level at which social networking is currently used in businesses worldwide is significant, but still there are prospects for further growth (Waddill and Marquardt 2011, p.237). In 2008 the business journal McKinsey Quarterly developed a survey in regard to ‘the use of second-generation web techn ologies, known as Web 2.0’ (Daft 2009, p.312). The survey showed that just a 28% of the organizations had incorporated social networking in their daily operations (Daft 2009, p.312). In regard to the other forms of advanced Internet technologies, such as blogs and wikis, the relevant percentages were significantly higher: 34%.

Quotation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Quotation - Essay Example Why else would our government continue to allow tax breaks and subsidies to oil companies? These companies certainly do not need subsidies, yet they continue to get them. In the meantime, there are many poor people who rely on basic government services, and see these services being cut, year after year. It angers me that the money that is given to oil companies could be used for much better causes, and this is just one glaring example. Our health system is broken, in part because of the big lobbying money that is given by the health care industry and, especially, the pharmaceutical companies. Our Congress will not raise taxes on the wealthy, because of all the money that the wealthy gives these congressional representatives and senators to make sure that this doesn't happen. Sure, on the surface, we live in a democracy, but when one really gets down to it, we really don't – we increasingly live in a country that is by the wealthy and for the wealthy. As for the rest of the quo te, it does seem like this envisions a country that is a little bit less complex than our society. For instance, this quote talks about there being equal justice to all and alike. This might be true in some areas, not so much true in others. It is a common fact that African Americans represent, proportionally, a high percentage of our prison population, so this implies that justice is not always equal. Distinguished citizens might prefer public service, but they often do not, preferring to work for profit just like anybody else might. Poverty is an obstacle to advancement in this country, although there are some who work their way up from poverty, this is true. But if a person is in poverty, that person does have much longer odds in making it in this world than people who are not in poverty. They do not have the same educational opportunities, they do not have the advantage of a stable home many times, and they face prejudice and discrimination in their lives often because of who th ey are. So, while a man â€Å"may benefit his country whatever the obscurity of his condition,† this is often not true, more often than not. The quote that states that we are not angry with our neighbor if he does what he likes might be true in some cases - there certainly are a good share of people who are â€Å"live and let live† types. But there are others who make everybody else's business their own - if this were not true, then we would have gay marriage in all 50 states. Moreover, part of the quote implies that â€Å"we are prevented from doing wrong by respect for the authorities and the laws.† This is true for some, but certainly not true for all. This country certainly has its share of lawlessness, and this is true for most people - every time a person speeds in his or her car, they are technically breaking the law, and there is certainly crime that is rampant in this country as well. In short, this quote assumes that there is some kind of perfect count ry. Our country isn't perfect. It's messy, people commit crimes, others have to be in others' businesses, and there isn't enough attention to the poor. That said, this quote may also be seen as true for a certain percentage of the population, so this quote is not entirely true, nor entirely false. The next quote that will be examined will be quote number 10. This is that all men are created equal and they are endowed by

The Relationship between Generation Y Work Value with Job Satisfaction Research Paper

The Relationship between Generation Y Work Value with Job Satisfaction and Work Stress at Hong Kong - Research Paper Example The main purpose of conducting this research project is to study the relationship between generation y‘s work value with job satisfaction and work stress at Hong Kong. There are some work values in this report have covered to study with and examine those work value will influence job satisfaction level and work stress level of generation Y or not. Some variables moderators like age, marital status and number of kids might moderate the relationship between the factors. The proposed mechanism based on previous empirical researchers and six hypotheses had been set up. Those hypotheses will be tested by Pearson Correlation in a convenient sample of generation Y who is taking a full-time job in Hong Kong at the moment. (N = 72, Male = 50, Female = 22). The result showed that good salary, job interest, prestige and variety diversion of work had the strongest relationship with the work value of generation Y. The job satisfaction can rise significantly and work stress can reduce when t he work value match with generation Y’s expectation. Furthermore, the study finds out there is the negative relationship between work stress and job performance. Heavier work stress will bring a negative effect to generation Y and bring down their job performance. From the test conducted, found that age is a greatest moderating effect on the relationship job satisfaction level and work stress level of generation Y. Also, marital status and number of kids give different moderating effect to generation Y on the job value, job satisfaction, and work stress. For further study of a similar topic on generation Y in Hong Kong, it is suggested that personality, work overtime, a part-time study can be the focus on and the result or findings should be taken into account of. Generation Y is a dynamic workforce that holds specific expectations with regards to work factors, to understand generation Y’swork value is important to the employer when they make recruitment to the new com er to their company. Around 14% of total workforce in Hong Kong are generation Y and increasing rapidly. To determine what are the main value or factors to encourage them to work hard, which reason, why they need to work, is important for management level to setup up policy in their company.

John lewis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

John lewis - Essay Example Through analysis it is found that there are only three to four factors that distinguish the market winners from the market qualifiers. Whereas in case of market qualifiers there are eight to nine factors. The market qualifiers and the market winners are also analysed with the different types of customer segments. The analysis indicates that customers who are considered as premium class are found to favour more the factors which are related to aspects aesthetic of the products, their quality, reliability and other factors like durability and serviceability. The analyses of the operational aspects indicate other processing time of the requests, there are as no other issues. Due to significantly long processing time the company is losing the loyal customers. This is the same reason for which the company is incurring significantly high cost per lead in the case of standard customers. Table of Contents Introduction 4 Analysis of the strategic and operational issues 6 Analysis of the strat egic issues 6 Analysis of the operational issues 10 Service delivery system used by John Lewis 10 Infrastructure used 11 Support to the market 12 Findings and conclusions 13 Reference List 14 Introduction John Lewis is a departmental store situated in London. ... Table 1: Market capitalization AEON Stores (Hong Kong) 3.82B Allied Consolidated Ltd 1.44M Alon Blue Square Israel Ltd 261.18M Arcandor AG 2.52M Arunjyoti Enterprises Ltd. 48.01M Ashley (Laura) Holdings PLC 18.13B Ashley (Laura) Holdings PLC NA Beale PLC 236.04M Belk Inc. 2.03B Bombay Swadeshi Stores Ltd. 99.16M Bon-Ton Stores Inc. 408.91M Briscoe Group Limited 519.58M C.P. Lotus Corporation 4.22B Century Ginwa Retail 2.23B China Resources NA China Seven Star Shopping Ltd. 175.87M China Seven Star Shopping Ltd. NA Convenience Retail Asia Ltd. NA David Jones Limited 1.31B David Jones Limited NA John Lewis 2.5B Source: (Chrol, 2011) The above table indicates that these are the major competitors of John Lewis. The major competitors are chosen on the basis of the size of the competitors. The competitors denoted above have more or less the same size in terms of asset. John Lewis serves to wide range of customers. The different types of customers and their respective percentages are repres ented in the graph below. The types of customers are denoted by the types of products and types of services. Fig 2: Division of customer segment Source: (Bajaj, 2001) The customer segment is denoted with 7 different segments. The highest number of factors is found across the electrical appliances sector due the fact that the data are taken from the quarterly sales. Due to non-availability of the sales figures for the different types of products and services on an annual basis, only the quarterly sales figures are considered. Analysis of the strategic and operational issues The strategic issues of the operations of John Lewis are analysed by identifying the customers and the market supplied by the

Sexual harassment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Sexual harassment - Research Paper Example For example, it is unlawful to harass a female employee, through making remarks that are offensive to the nature of women in general. Different from the traditional conception of sexual harassment, the harassing party and the victim can either be a man or a woman, and in other cases they can also be of the same sex. Despite the fact that the law does not prohibit offhand comments, teasing, or the isolated cases that are relatively subtle, harassment is illegal (Lawoko et al., 2004). This is, especially, the case when it is severe and frequent, to the extent that it makes the work environment offensive or hostile; it is considered illegal when it can lead to adverse decision-making relating to the employment of either parties (Bimrose, 2004). The adverse effects of sexual harassment include the demotion of the victim or the loss of employment, and the harasser can be a supervisor to the victim, a supervisor in another line of work, a co-worker or an external party, including a customer (EEOC 2014). This paper will explore the nature of sexual harassment, its characteristics and the experiences of sexual harassment. The main source of information for this report was the wide variety of databases for articles and publications about the area of sexual harassment: these databases include Emerald, Proquest, BIDS Ingenta, SpringerLINK, ScienceDirect, Business Source Premier and Inform Global. To offer focus to the search, different search terms were used, including sexual harassment, gender harassment, workplace violence and sexual harassment training. A majority of the sources related to the key terms were from Australia and the US – the focus of many of the sources was healthcare workers, particularly among nursing staffs (Privitera et al., 2005). Mott and Condor (1997) reported that during the 1990s, 85 percent of the studies done on sexual harassment had been carried out in the US, and that more than 70 percent of the total had used students

Paranoid Personality Disorder Essay Example for Free

Paranoid Personality Disorder Essay Joe Fuller I. Introduction and Identifying Information Intelligence of a person somehow defines him/her. Through intelligence, a person will know his capacities and abilities and where he is good at. It boosts someone’s self- esteem and improves the confidence he had in himself. If you’re intelligent, you can possibly do and deal with anything especially if you have a very brilliant mind. An intelligent person knows how to deal with people and accept their mistakes and imperfections. Intelligence adds confidence but overconfidence that leads to mistrust and hostility is another issue. Intelligence must also be balanced with the emotional quotient which everyone must work hard for. Such is not the case at hand. The patient is a male whose name is Joe. He lived in a lower middle- class neighborhood in a large, northeastern city. His father is a steamfitter and his mother is a home maker. He had 2 older brothers and a younger sister. When Joe was 11 years old, his grandmother started living with them. His grandmother is already invalid and is not already capable to take care of herself after Joe’s grandfather died. Joe was exceptionally bright student. Yet, he had several chaotic relationships with his family, friends and other people around him. Later on, he developed anxiety and panic attacks that made him consult to a doctor. Then the doctor referred him to go to a psychiatrist. II. Background Information History and Course of the Present Problem The patient is described to be exceptionally bright and overconfident. He was admitted to a prestigious high school and college. He was an â€Å"A† student and often made jokes about people who â€Å"couldn’t make the grade. † Whenever a teacher made a mistake in class, Joe was always the first to laugh and make a side comment. He avoided group activities and issues with relationships. He couldn’t trust everyone and he was very suspicious. He liked to work alone over his projects because he always thought that people will steal his ideas. Joe would always think that he was the best and nobody could compete with him. The patient had argued with a teacher about a grade and after that he heard one of his classmates say, â€Å"I don’t know why some people have to work so hard for everything†. Joe took this comment as an insult to his family so Joe decided to get revenge. So while this student is attending a basketball game, Joe found his car and poured sugar in his gas tank. Suddenly, he started experiencing panic attacks that resulted him to go for a check-up. Current and Past Medical History The patient went to a doctor because he wanted a treatment for his anxiety and panic attacks. He had palpitations, sensations of shortness of breath, chest pain and nausea or abdominal stress. But his panic attacks are not associated with agoraphobia. Joe felt that he had no mental disorder at all. The doctor prescribed him Tofranil, an anti-depressant. But Joe had more knowledge on how this drug affected neurological mechanisms than the doctor. The said treatment was unsuccessful because Joe did not think that he has a personality disorder. The doctor, which he named as Dr. Fein, did not have any prior knowledge that Joe might have a paranoid personality disorder. Joe was not open to his life and Dr. Fein should have considered the possibility that Joe has a paranoid personality disorder that is why he behaved the way he did. Right now, Joe’s panic attacks still continued. Social History Joe is said to be rude and arrogant. His first steady relationship is with Carla but then later on, Carla broke up with him. Joe wanted to get revenge. Since then, he became extremely suspicious of women’s intentions. One time, Joe made fun of a guy talking to his date at a party. Joe always finds chaos with others. He argued with a professor for receiving a B+ instead of an A. Joe began to date his future wife Ruth. He also got his first job working with a drug company. Joe on his first job This is an ideal position for Joe. But he was asked by his boss to stop his independent research. Joe behaved with hostility towards his co-workers. Because of this continuous attitude, Joe was asked to resign after 3 years. Joe on his second job Joe took a job working in a university. Joe didn’t like his new job. He was asked again to curtail his independent research. He was asked to work in a new employee and suspected he was a spy. Joe accused the university in trying to kill him with radiation in the laboratory. Later on, Joe was fired and he took another job which is driving a taxi cab. Familial Relationship According to the patient, his father is mentally ill and he believed that he was being disregarded by his family. He was estranged to his family and friends and he believes that â€Å"he had nothing†. As a middle child, he felt that he is being left out so he needs to step up in everything he must do. In an early age, he became hypersensitive to the evaluation of others and believed that the world is a hostile place persecuted for being different. Later in his life, he married Ruth and they had a daughter. Their marital relationship has been putted on the rocks for a lot of times because of misunderstanding and Joe’s paranoia about his wife. Later on, Ruth recognized that Joe was overreacting to minor events. Joe then suggested that Ruth was a part of the conspiracy that people were trying to steal his ideas. After some years, Joe and Ruth divorced. Until now, he is still convinced that Ruth betrayed him. Typical Problem The patient’s life story stems up from his place in the family. In an early age, he faced struggles that led him to become suspicious of the motives of people to him. Since he’s very intelligent, he assumes that he knows everything and people are trying to steal his ideas that led him to have poor relationships with others. He received a comment before that struck his ego and saw it as an insult, so he always wanted to have revenge with people. The patient thinks that he is the best and nobody can beat him. He developed anxiety and panic attacks, which is a manifestation of Paranoid Personality Disorder, but still he thinks that he is not ill and he is mentally stable. A Misunderstanding of Some Sort When Joe went to a psychiatrist whose name is Dr. Flein, he reported their for treatment of his anxiety and panic attacks. The doctor gave him an anti-depressant drug without considering the other manifestations in the personality of the patient. Dr. Flein just thought that it was only a simple anxiety disorder, but he never takes the regard to consider Paranoid Personality Disorder on Joe.

Examining Islam In Malaysia Religion Essay

Examining Islam In Malaysia Religion Essay Malaysia is modern Muslim country where more than half of its 26 million people have embrace Islam as their religion. Halal is an Islamic religious guide to how Muslims should live their lives from the way their food is prepared to how their personal and social relationships are conducted. In Malaysia Halal is a concept accepted by all, by both Muslims and non- Muslims. The majority of businesses in Malaysia sells products or offer services that are Halal endorsed. The Malaysia Halal Certification is globally respected. In our ever progressive world, it has become increasingly challenging for Muslims to determine whether the food or drinks they consume are religiously acceptable or Halal. This Halal and non-Halal problem is not only limited to food and beverage but also to other products and services. For Muslims living in a totally Islamic country like Saudi Arabia, the Halal question is not an issue at all. For those living in a multiracial Muslim country like Malaysia, although Halal food or services are readily available and easy to obtain, there is a need for the authority to monitor and enforce standards to ensure Halalness particularly when the products or services are made, sold, prepared or provided by non-Muslims. However, the real challenge is for Muslims living in a country whose population is predominantly non-Muslims. Extra diligence is needed for these Muslims to enjoy everything Halal. Most striking is that there are approximately 1.9 billion Muslims in the world who are consumers of Halal foods. As such the Halal food market is the largest food market in the world. Among the Halal importing countries are those which have one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, have the fastest growing middle classes in the world, import a significant proportion of their food needs and have the highest rates of population growth in the world. Malaysia will be developed International Halal Food Hub for monitoring and standardization the Halal food product. The Halal certification will be gives if the food ingredients are Halal. This certification of Malaysia Halal standard are also will be strengthened and aggressively promoted internationally. HALAL BEEF PRODUCT Halal products are fast gaining worldwide recognition as a new benchmark for safety and quality assurance. Products that are produced with Halal certification are readily acceptable by Muslim consumers as well as consumers from other religions. This acceptance is due to the wholesomeness concept of Halal, which covers not only the Shariah requirement, but also the hygiene, sanitation and safety aspects. Halal certification is a powerful marketing tool for both the Muslim and non-Muslim producers, as there are an increasing awareness on the part of Muslim consumers all over the world on their obligation to consume Halal food. The Arabic word(Halal) means lawful or permitted. In the Holy Quran, Allah commands Muslims and all of mankind to eat of the Halal things. Basically, Allah Al Mighty knows what is best for us to eat. And normally all the Halal food are very clean and safe from any disease. But for non-Halal food, you always can find some interesting facts relating to sickness. This following products are definitely Halal such as milk (from cows, sheep, camels, and goats), honey, fish, plants which are not intoxicant, fresh or dried fruits, legumes nuts like peanut, cashew nuts, hazel nuts, walnut, grain such as wheat, rice, rye, barley, and oat. Basically, all food is Halal except meat from swine such as pork, ham, pork-based products and by-products such as sausages and gelatin. Animals improperly slaughtered or already dead before slaughtering is due to take place. Animals killed in the name of anyone other than Allah (for example, by anyone other than a Jew, Christian or Muslim, or as part of a pagan sacrifice), intoxicants, blood and blood by-products, foods contaminated with any of the above products. Most of the desserts use non-Halal Gelatin that comes from pigs. Focus about the beef, they are only Halal if they are slaughtered according to Islamic Law. The procedures that we must do at the beef are the animal must be slaughtered by a Muslim. The animal also should be put down on the ground or held it if it is small. The throat of the animal must be sliced with a very sharp knife to make sure that the 3 main blood vessels are cut. While cutting the throat of the animal (without severing it), the person must pronounce the name of Allah or recite a blessing which contains the name of Allah, such as Bismillahirahmannirrahim, Allah-u-Akbar. Islam prohibits the meat of animals that are slaughtered without reciting the name of Allah and those that are slaughtered whilst pronouncing a name other than Allah. Mentioning the name of Allah during slaughter is actually a way of seeking permission from God for taking the life of the animal for the sole purpose of sustenance. The prohibition to recite a name other than Allah during slaughter acts as a safe guard to a Muslims faith. Islam is a religion which promotes monotheism and rejects any form of polytheism. Mentioning a name other than Allah is regarded as a polytheistic act, thus such act is not permissible during slaughter. For more information, they lead the cow into an area, line its head up with where the piston comes out, and BAM! The cow is unconscious, hung by its ankles, and sent to where the slaughter takes place. Regarding poultry, a common practice is to render them unconscious by electrocuting them before slaughter. Slaughtering is to be done from the front of the neck, between the throat and the head of the breast bone (Libba). The throat/oesophagus (Mirree), windpipe/trachea (Halkoom) and the two jugular veins (Wadijan) are cut in the neck without severing the spinal cord. This cut severed the arteries to the brain of the animal, thus depriving the brain of blood supply. As a result, the brain loses consciousness due to insufficient oxygen. This renders the animal unconscious, causing the animal the least amount of pain.   By contrast, the Islamic method of slaughtering does not allow for animals to be killed in front of other animals. It requires an extremely sharp blade and the swift incision of the major veins in the neck to facilitate in a painless, quick blood loss and death. Before the slaughter takes place, the animal is examined for overall health. If the animal is deemed unhealthy, it cannot be slaughtered for food. The animal is slaughtered in such a way that most of the blood exits the body. The goal is to slaughter the animal, limiting the amount of pain the animal will endure. DEPARTMENT OF ISLAMIC DEVELOPMENT MALAYSIA (JAKIM) HISTORY In 1968, the Conference of Rulers Pakistan has decided that the need for a body to mobilize efforts for development and advancement of the Muslims in Malaysia, in line with Malaysias status as an Islamic country that has strong international and world attention. Recognizing this, a secretariat to the National Council of Religious Affairs was established, to maintain the purity of faith and the teachings of Islam. Secretariat was subsequently developed as the Religious Department of the Prime Minister who was later promoted again to the Islamic Affairs Department (BAHEIS). On January 1, 1997, in line with the development and progress of Islam in the country has stabilized, the Department of Islamic Development Malaysia (JAKIM) is established by the Malaysian government took power and the role (BAHEIS). FUNCTION OF JAKIM Formulation and standardization of Islamic law Formulate, review and amend laws for the standardization of Islamic states. Streamline and standardize the Islamic law throughout Pakistan. Act enacts Islamic law and the federal territories. Enforcement of Islamic law states Coordinating the implementation and compliance ruling. Coordination in the administration of Islam Streamline the administration of Islamic affairs and the states. Build a strong Islamic thought among Muslims based on the holding of the Sunnah Wal Jamaah. Produce cadres Islamic preachers and scholars through training in training institutions of Islam. Establishing benchmarks and practices of Islam through the formulation of service standards Hadhari Referral centers and advisory services relating to Islam government and private agencies. Increasing collaboration with the missionary network non-governmental bodies at national and international Strengthening survival of Muslims in Sabah and Sarawak in educational, missionary and social-economic Strengthening unity among Muslims to the Ummah. To empower the non-Muslim, indigenous peoples and minority groups. Expand the program and plans Islamic through radio and television stations. Expanding the program elements of Islamic values and personality to deal with social ills. Coordination and development of Islamic education Developing a team of experts in various fields of Islamic knowledge. Make Malaysia a hub for higher education and research al-Quran and al-hadith in regional and international levels. Develop and coordinate the management of the state religious school of Islamic education and Islamic schools. Develop and coordinate programs and classes al-Quran mass Ain (Kafa) in the current national education policy. Strengthening the role of institutions and programs prosperity mosque as a center of science and civilization of the community development that involves all walks of life. WHY ISLAM FORBIDS PORK Pork is the most commonly eaten forms of meat around the world, there are over 100 million metric tons of pork is consumed throughout the world. And pork can be served in different forms such as cooked or form of sausages. However, we know that Islam not eating pork but what is the reason they forbids pork. So now, we go to discuss about it. We know that food and drink have a direct effect on our health. That is why Islam prevents to unhealthy food. Because they believe both physical and moral health are equally important for a healthy society. Therefore, the abstention from eating pork is one of the steps taken by Islam to practice hygiene and to attain purity of soul. To cultivate our inner faculties, Islam insists upon the cleanliness of body and the purification of soul through Salaat (prayers), Zikr (remembrance of Allah) and other devotional duties. Islam teaches us how to attain the virtues and how to give up bad habits because both good and bad grow in the man according to his upbringing, education and environment. A human being has natural desires: food, sleep and sex being the three primary ones. He has also natural emotions: sorrow, happiness, love, fear, disgust and avarice etc. Islam doesnt recommend the complete abrogation of these impulses but offers a method of controlling them through religious education and discipline. The prohibition of eating pork in Islam is relevant in this context. There is a saying in English that a man becomes what he eats. According to physicians and medical experts, pork is a harmful diet. Consumption of swine-flesh creates lowliness in character and destroys moral and spiritual faculties in a man. Despite Islam allows Muslims to eat clean thing. However, in the consumption of meat, Muslims are required to be selective and distinguish the Halal foods. Dr. E. Kazim. M.D, in his article Medical aspects of forbidden foods in Islam (July 1981 issue of Muslim Journal) has described diseases carried or caused by the flesh of swine. He writes: The pig is a scavenger. It is an omnivorous animal. It eats everything. There are many diseases carried from swine to man, particularly parasite infestations. Lately extensive research has been focused on senility-old age is characterized by hardening of inner lining of the blood vessels of the heart, brain etc. a process called atherosclerosis. When a clot forms, it results in coronary thrombosis or a heart attack, cerebral thrombosis or stroke. Dr. Glen Shepherd wrote the following on the dangers of eating pork in Washington Post (31 May 1952): One in six people in USA and Canada have germs in their muscles trichinosis 8 from eating pork infected with trichina worms. Many people who are infected show no symptoms. Most of those, who do have, recover slowly. Some die; some are reduced to permanent invalids. All were careless pork caters. He continued: No one is immune from the disease and there is no cure. Neither antibiotics nor drugs or vaccines affect these tiny deadly worms. Preventing infection is the real answer. After reading the statement of Dr. Shepherd, one can realize that there is no real guarantee of safety when eating pork that one would not be affected by trichina worm. That is why modern doctors advise three prohibitions during illness: no liquor, no pork and no smoking. At the end we know that Muslim forbids pork because they respect their religion. They believe their GOD will care for them. But if they are under famine, they still can eat pork to survive, its no sin. CONCLUSION At the end, we found that Halal food have many benefits and thats why many people either Muslim or non Muslims, would like to choose Halal food. Halal meat is beneficial for nutrition and health. Only healthy animals can be slaughtered. It is done by Muslims who are trusted and experienced. The meat itself will have no blood clots within the veins-giving it a longer shelf life. Animals will be treated with mercy and respect and will be blessed with the name of God (Allah) prior to slaughter. Ethnic and religious considerations are not the only reasons why consumers are choosing kosher- and Halal-certified foods. Many perceive the extra supervision implicit in the certified foods assures higher quality and safer food products. According to Packaged Facts report, Market Trend: Kosher- and Halal-Certified Foods in the US, resonates with a similar report from Mintel released earlier this year, which concluded that the majority of US consumers who buy kosher foods do so for perceived quality and safety reasons, rather than for religious ones, and there is no reason to assume things are any different in Australia and New Zealand. They study found that three in five people who buy kosher food do so because they perceive it to be better quality, Halal food also have a lot of nutrition and they feel safe to eat it, and it free from any disease other that, availability to get Halal food is easier. The two most popular markets for Halal food are South-East Asia and the Middle East. By going through the Halal certification process, food processors will open up the possibility of additional clientele and often they will not even have to make changes to their product to get such certification. There are four steps in processing of Halal food that is: application, submission, processing certification and post certification. And whats the important in the steps of processing is certification attests that a product/service is suitable for Muslims and finished products which adhere to Halal manufacturing procedures carry a Halal symbol on the label. We know that all equipment used in the production of Halal foods must be free from contamination with non-Halal items and comply with the necessary hygiene and sanitation requirements. All ingredients must all be Halal as well. Favorable perceptions Many consumers believe that Halal and kosher food is produced under stricter supervision than is provided by government inspection and for many consumers the Halal and kosher symbols guarantee that the food is free of contaminants or disease and no preservatives added. The research indicated that more than half of consumers who purchased kosher products did so because they considered them to be safer than products not certified as kosher. Mintels research has shown that kosher was the most frequently used claim on food and drink products launched in the US in 2008 which, as the Jewish population is not increasing, suggests that the growing interest may be more to do with food safety than religion. Aside from religious requirements, kosher and Halal supervision adds another level of quality control in responding to the needs of the discerning consumer. Simply by adhering to the kosher and Halal requirements and having foods certified, processors will broaden their market.

Springbreak and The Savvy Traveler :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Springbreak and The Savvy Traveler For many college students, spring break is an exciting part of their college experience. It is a chance to get away from classes, relax, and maybe even take a vacation. Some students travel either in the U.S. or outside of the country, or even just enjoy time with family at home, but the truth remains that safety is an important factor to be remembered during spring break. While most students will have a safe and pleasant spring break, occasionally some trips have some unexpected ripples in plans and can turn into a nightmare for both the students and their parents. In order to avoid dangerous events that may happen on spring break, several organizations have developed spring break safety tips for students in order to steer clear of trouble. In an article written by the U.S. Department of State on international travel safety for students, drugs, alcohol, and disorderly behavior are cited as the most common causes of ruined vacations. In fact, each year over 2500 Americans are arrested in foreign countries for possession of illegal drugs and narcotic charges. This large number of arrests is likely due to two things: drugs that are legal in one country may be illegal in a neighboring country that students also visit and since many students are unaware of each country’s laws, some young people may become victimized. In addition to drugs, alcohol is often a problem on spring break. Charges such as drunk in public, underage drinking, and drunk driving are all major causes of student arrests while on spring break. Disorderly behavior and security issues are also a primary concern of the government for students. The safety, supervision, and security in foreign countries differ from that of the U.S., making it eas ier for students to become injured or worse die; students have died from automobile accidents, falls from balconies or into open ditches, drowning in the ocean, and water sport accidents. Besides specific tips for students to stay safe while traveling abroad, many organizations have offered trips for driving and also general safety tips while on vacation. Road trips can be a great way to bond with your friends, see new things, and also cut down on traveling costs. However, many students fail to remember the dangers that driving can present, even if they have been driving for several years.

demand Essay -- essays research papers

Firstly, I will deal with the factors which can affect the demand for houses in an economy.In many people’s opinion, the single most important factor which affects demand for housing is interest rates. This belief is held because for most people, the cost of purchasing a house is so great that the only way they can afford to do so is to take out a mortgage from a bank or building society. One of the main conditions that banks and building societies apply to mortgages is that during the course of the mortgage, interest will be paid on the loan. Although it is possible to have a fixed rate mortgage - where the rate of interest which will be paid is fixed at a constant level throughout the mortgage- most mortgages are variable rate mortgages, where the amount of interest which will be paid varies throughout the mortgage [1]. By increasing interest rates, the government can control how much money people have in their pockets. The variance of interest rate can be used to control m uch of the economy, including inflation. This is known as monetary fiscal policy. Interest rates have such a large affect on the economy because such a large percentage of the population has a mortgage and so is vulnerable to interest rate rises. An increase in interest rates can greatly increase the amount of money that a household has to pay each month. If people without a mortgage who are considering taking one out to cover the cost of a very expensive purchase see that interest rates are high then they are likely to be wary of taking out a mortgage, as they know that they will have to pay a greater amount of extra money each month. Because people may be put off taking out mortgages, they will be unable to purchase a house, so this will cause demand for houses to fall. This is known as a slump in the housing market. Conversely, if people see that interest rates are low and they are considering the possibility of purchasing a house, they may decide to go ahead with their purchase due to the fact that it will be more affordable- at least in the short run- due to the lower interest rates. Variable rates will also make mortgagors vulnerable to fluctuations in interest rates as even small changes in the interest rate can have a big effect on the outgoings of those with large mortgages. When rates rise steeply, one likely result is an increase in the number of mortgagors who cannot afford ... ... of their home being repossessed increases. If a large number of homes are being repossessed, people will be put-off purchasing a house. Also, people who are considering taking out a mortgage will be less likely to do so because they will be less able to afford it due to the fact that they are paying more tax. Both of these effects are likely to cause a slump in the housing market. Conversely, if tax rates are low the state of the housing market will improve due to the fact that people will feel that they are more able to afford the added cost of a mortgage. However, if they take out a mortgage at a time when tax rates are low, there is always the possibility that tax rates will increase at a later date. [1]The interest rate is set by the lender, but it is usually in line with the rate set by the Bank Of England, which is turn is likely to respond to changes in the interest rates of the main world banks, most of which are in America. [2]This is because there is a large labour pool from which to draw replacement workers. However, there are exceptions to this rule, for example people in the professions like doctors and lawyers tend to have a high degree of job security at all times.

Goal Setting Essay -- essays papers

Goal Setting In the first article that I found It stated that Goal Setting is a formal process for personal planning, and is a form of motivation. It is used for a target that a person works for so they can be successful. The process of goal setting is used by many people throughout the world that are trying to and have already achieved something in their lifetime. Setting goals helps a person remain focused on being successful, stay away from distractions, and will help with motivation. There are two types of goal setting: Long-term, and Short-term goals. Short-term goals are smaller goals that are â€Å"easier† to achieve, and will keep the person motivated and continue to strive for success. They also are goals that lead up to the Long-term goals. The Long-term goals are usually the goals that give you a vision of what you are trying to accomplish. These type of goals can also be called Lifetime Goals. When setting goals, one must remember to set clearly defined goals that are not impossible to achieve. After achieving the goals that you set for yourself, you will start to become confident, motivated, and realize your abilities. After realizing your abilities, you might find yourself setting higher goals that are more difficult for you to accomplish, but with the confidence you acquired from your previous goals, you are more likely to accomplish the more difficult goals. This particular article used eight broad guidelines to help set effective goals: 1- State each goal as a positive statement 2- Be precise 3- Set priorities 4- Write goals down 5- Keep operational goals small 6- Set performance goals, not outcome goals 7- Set realistic goals 8- Do not set goals too low It is important to enjoy the ha... ...when review those goals in my head, most of them fit in the â€Å"Where Goal Setting Can Go Wrong† category. I would set unrealistic goals, and outcome goals not performance goals. After reading the articles, it motivated me to start setting goals for myself, and try to become the best person I can. There are so many things that I want to accomplish, and now I know how I can get started on achieving them. I realized I have to start with setting Short-term goals that are precise, positive, organized, and realistic. These goals will keep me motivated and I will continue to strive for success. I would also have to set Long-term visual goals so my Short-term goals would lead up to something positive for my life. Overall, These articles made me believe that goal setting is a very important part of being successful, and I believe that everyone should use this process. Goal Setting Essay -- essays papers Goal Setting In the first article that I found It stated that Goal Setting is a formal process for personal planning, and is a form of motivation. It is used for a target that a person works for so they can be successful. The process of goal setting is used by many people throughout the world that are trying to and have already achieved something in their lifetime. Setting goals helps a person remain focused on being successful, stay away from distractions, and will help with motivation. There are two types of goal setting: Long-term, and Short-term goals. Short-term goals are smaller goals that are â€Å"easier† to achieve, and will keep the person motivated and continue to strive for success. They also are goals that lead up to the Long-term goals. The Long-term goals are usually the goals that give you a vision of what you are trying to accomplish. These type of goals can also be called Lifetime Goals. When setting goals, one must remember to set clearly defined goals that are not impossible to achieve. After achieving the goals that you set for yourself, you will start to become confident, motivated, and realize your abilities. After realizing your abilities, you might find yourself setting higher goals that are more difficult for you to accomplish, but with the confidence you acquired from your previous goals, you are more likely to accomplish the more difficult goals. This particular article used eight broad guidelines to help set effective goals: 1- State each goal as a positive statement 2- Be precise 3- Set priorities 4- Write goals down 5- Keep operational goals small 6- Set performance goals, not outcome goals 7- Set realistic goals 8- Do not set goals too low It is important to enjoy the ha... ...when review those goals in my head, most of them fit in the â€Å"Where Goal Setting Can Go Wrong† category. I would set unrealistic goals, and outcome goals not performance goals. After reading the articles, it motivated me to start setting goals for myself, and try to become the best person I can. There are so many things that I want to accomplish, and now I know how I can get started on achieving them. I realized I have to start with setting Short-term goals that are precise, positive, organized, and realistic. These goals will keep me motivated and I will continue to strive for success. I would also have to set Long-term visual goals so my Short-term goals would lead up to something positive for my life. Overall, These articles made me believe that goal setting is a very important part of being successful, and I believe that everyone should use this process.

Levi and Strauss & Co

Levi Strauss & Co. is a flourishing business. Since the early days, it has been a leader in the garment industry. The original and most famous Levi Strauss product is blue jeans. Jeans have become desirable and even fashionable clothing for not only miners, farmers, and cowboys, but also for movie stars, executives, women, children, and teenagers from all over the world. Throughout its history, however, the company has researched and developed a number of other products. The company now markets a wide range of clothing and accessories, all under the brand name Levi’s.Many new Levi products have been launched over the years. Some of these have succeeded beautifully, but others have flopped completely. The company is still best known, however, as the maker of Levi jeans, the pants that are guaranteed to shrink1, wrinkle, and fade2. In 1954, flushed with the success of the cotton twill pants it had introduced a few years earlier, Levi brought out a line of permanent press (no-iro n) slacks. Within six months, 5 out of every 100 pairs sold had been returned, and Levi had to admit it didn’t have the right fabric for permanent press.Fifteen years later, as the company was planning its major expansion, it hit on a couple of equally dramatic flops. First was the denim bathing suit—which, when wet, weighed the wearer down to the point of imminent drowning. Next was a line of disposable (throw-away) sheets and towels. These, Levi discovered, were not high on the consumer’s list of priorities. Unable to interest hotels in the product, the company was saved when the factory that made the sheets burned down. Levi absorbed the $250,000 loss.Eventually Levi created six new divisions, ranging from jeans to accessories and including a sizable effort in women’s sportswear, Levi’s for Gals. The diversification3 worked. In the mid-1970s Levi’s sales hit the billion-dollar mark, having taken 125 years to reach that milestone. Four yea rs later sales hit $2 billion. In 1979 the company ranked 167 on Fortune’s4 list of the 500 largest industrial corporations, and 20 in net profits. 5 Between 1970 and 1980 Levi had grown an average of 23 percent a year.In 1979 alone it sold 143 million garments. In menswear, though, all Levi products had been aimed at the middle of the market. The company had brought out a line of moderately dressy slacks and polyester leisure suits—the Action Slack and Action Suit—and was doing a brisk business with them. But the tempting upper end of the market remained untouched. â€Å"If we want to grow we’re probably going to have to go to upper moderate price points,† one Levi official explained, â€Å"and somewhat higher taste level for our products. In short, they needed to sell more expensive clothes—like the Tailored Classic. If Levi could sell sport coats, dress slacks, and, above all, suits, a whole new market would open up. The Tailored Classic might make money all by itself. But even more important, it would get Levi into the business of producing fancier and costlier clothing. The consumer would come to think of it as a manufacturer of dress apparel and it could spin off6 many more such lines in the future. Why, with such a record of success would any company be worrying about making new products?Part of the answer, obviously, is the sheer riskiness of depending so heavily on a single item. The boom in jeans was in many ways a historical accident, and what history has given it can also take away. Then, too, the demographics of the marketplace were already beginning to change. Jeans, to be sure, were no longer the exclusive province of youth: baby boomers7 who had grown up on Levi’s kept on wearing them into their twenties. But they would no longer be wearing them everywhere and all the time, as they did when they were teenagers.And the next generation of adolescents was not so numerous. The birthrate had peaked i n 1957; by 1964, demographers agreed, the baby boom in the United Stated was over. The bulge in the population that the boom had created would soon be moving into a world of casual slacks, leisure suits, and coats and ties. From a marketing point of view, that’s where the action would be. Finally, the competition had been gearing up. Levi’s had always shared the market with Blue Bell’s Wranglers and other national brands like Lee. But now everyone seemed to be selling jeans.Back in 1970 Levi probably couldn’t have foreseen the popularity of â€Å"designer† jeans skimming off8 the upper end of the market. But they could certainly anticipate cut-rate models gnawing away at the low end. To sell their wares, Levi knew, retailers would have to slash prices. The profit outlook in a saturated, competitive marketplace like this was bleak. Adapted from: Boyd, F. (1994). Making Business Decisions: Real Cases from Real Companies. USA: Addison-Wesley Publishin g Company. _________________________________________________________________________________________

Analysis of Contemporary Health Care Issues Essay

US health care expenditures have been rising quickly over the past few years; it has risen more than the national financial system. Nonetheless a number of citizens in the US still lack appropriate health care. If the truth be told, health care expenditures are going to continue to increase; in addition numerous individuals will possibly have to make difficult choices pertaining to their health care. Our health system has grave problems that require reform, through reforming, there is optimism that there will be an increase in affordable health care and high-quality of care for America. Medicaid, Medicare and private sector insurances are all going through trials and tribulations because of spending. Obama Cares purpose is to put consumers back in charge of their health care and aid in driving down the cost of spending in health care. The reform will also strive to put forward a delivery system that operates better for all involved thereby decreasing organizational burdens and assisting in the collaboration towards improved care. If the reform is successful, it will lead to measureable improvements in care outcomes, and in the health of the American general public overall. Non-profit/Profit While non-profit organizations dominate the delivery of health services, there are more than a few for-profit organizations that remain affected by health care spending as well. By having Obama Care in place, non-profit and profit organizations can possibly see an increase by way of earnings and consumers. The CEO of See Change Health; Martin Watson, made a statement that said â€Å"without health reform, we figured we would get to the $800 million mark (in earnings) by 2016. With health reform, it looks like we’ll hit $1.5 billion by 2016.† (Kennedy, K. 2012). Although undeniable, numerous for-profit organizations may gain as a result of the reform, non-profit organizations may perhaps thrive also. In 2014, guarantors cannot profit by means of rejecting coverage any longer, consequently they will be more motivated to keep people healthy. (Kennedy, K, 2012). Due to the continuous changes by health care reform to the current system, everyone could benefit from sustaining spending. Financial Management Staff The Financial management staff is accountable for acquiring and effectually  making use of the resources required for operating efficiently. The first step the staff should take is to assess and develop economic proficiency of the present setup in addition to preparation for the outlook of future operations. Financial management staffs must plan, obtain and use funds to yield the complete benefits of the efficiency and assessment of its project. The next focus should be on long-term investments decisions, like new accommodations and machinery, and also how to obtain funds needed to purchase the necessities essential to sustain operation. Contract management is another responsibility. â€Å"Health services establishments have to negotiate, monitor, and sign contracts with managed care organizations and third-party payers.† (Halvorson, G.C. 2005). Since costs is excessive, there is hopefulness that the reform act can aid the pecuniary staffs to maintain or lessen their expenditures thru generating rudimentary regulations and standards. Rules and Regulations There are numerous rules and regulations the financial management staff must address pertaining to national health care spending. Their aim should be improved care, ensuring more healthy individuals and societies, all the while making sure affordable care is available for individuals, while lowering or sustaining health care spending. â€Å"Making quality care more affordable for individuals, families, employers and governments by developing and spreading new health care delivery models is key.† (National Strategy, 2011). Financial management must come up with proposals that will nurture new ideas, devices or processes to promote and lessen costs; The Affordable Care Act has provisions that will help financial management deal with simplification. By having extra electronic processing and less form-filling, it will eliminate the need to spend money on check printing, phone calls, and postage charges. Simplification and synchronization is needed for administrative. National health care spending is a heated issue; however there is a single entity that all agree upon and that is there needs to be cut backs or the maintaining of current expenses. The current reform will help decrease the percentage of Americans who are without coverage. An vigilant observation on healthcare spending is needed, at the rate its going now thing don’t look too good financially for anyone when it comes to healthcare. References Department of Health & Human Services. (2011). National Strategy for Quality Improvement in Healthcare. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Halvorson, G. C. (2005). Healthcare Tipping Points. Healthcare Financial Management (March): 74-80. Kennedy, K. (2012). Healthcare Law’s Impact on Businesses Varies. Retrieved from: http://usatoday.30.usatoday.com Woolhandler, S., & Himmelstein, D. (2011). Healthcare Reform 2.0 Social Research, 78 (3), 719-730

Historical Inquiries Group Essay

By the 1870’s, Europe was forever changed by the formation of Italy and Germany as new nation-states. Through this formation, Europe was shaken by the alteration in the balance of power. In Germany’s case, its unification was created through the leadership of Prussia, attempting to make a strong ethnic nation that could defeat Austria. Italy’s unification was made possible by the initial intentions of Sardinia. Europe witnessed how drastically the balance of power was shifted during World War I, when Germany and Italy proved they had both grown into powerful nation-states. The creation of the nation-states of Italy and Germany was a key point in the history of Europe that changed that balance of power in Europe. There are several factors that lead to the unification of Germany. For example, the introduction of new nationalistic ideas during the Enlightenment, caused for such events like the Carlsbad Decrees, which were German youth movements that spread national and liberalistic ideologies. These movements, however, were not too successful and eventually suppressed underground. The greatest factor that leads to the unification of Germany was most likely through Prussia under the control of Otto von Bismarck, who led Prussia to become the unifying power. The Danish-Prussian war in 1864 was the first step for Prussia, in which Prussia gained Schleswig, and Austria, which had an alliance with Prussia at the time, gained Holstein. Due to Holstein geographical isolation from Austria, it created tensions between Prussia and Austria, and lead to the Austro-Prussian war. The results of the war ended up with Austria being defeated, and Prussia gaining Holstein. The Franco-Prussian war in 1870 lead to the Treaty of Frankfurt, allowing Prussia to gain Alsace and Lorraine from France; the loss of Alsace and Lorraine later becomes a reasons for tensions between France and Germany.

Micromax Info Essay

Regd. Office: 21/14, Naraina Industrial Area, New Delhi-110028. CODE OF CONDUCT FOR DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT, OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES OF MICROMAX INFORMATICS LTD. MICROMAX INFORMATICS LIMITED is committed to conducting its business in accordance with the applicable laws, rules and regulations and with highest standards of business ethics. This code is intended to provide guidance and help in recognizing and dealing with ethical issues, provide mechanisms to report unethical conduct, and to help foster a culture of honesty and accountability. Each Director, senior manager, officer and employee is expected to comply with the letter and spirit of this code. The Directors, senior management, officers and employees of the Company must not only comply with applicable laws, rules and regulations but should also promote honest and ethical conduct of the business. They must abide by the policies and procedures that govern the conduct of the Company’s business. Their responsibilities include helping to create and maintain a culture of high ethical standards and commitment to compliance, and to maintain a work environment that encourages the stakeholders to raise concerns to the attention of the management. A present, overall, contents of this Code are in practice, being already followed by the Directors and the Senior Management, however, in compliance with the new Clause 49 of the listing agreement, the Code as set out below, is to take effect from the date, when approved by the Board in its meeting 1. APPLICABILITY: The Code is applicable to all the members of the Board of Directors, Senior Management, Officers and employees of the Company. Senior Management shall include all executives holding the positions of Director (Non-Board Member/s), Sr. Manager, Managers, Asst. Managers and all head of the departments excluding Board of Directors. Such personnel shall hereinafter be treated as members of its core management team. 2. DILIGENCE: The Directors, senior management, officers and employees are to exercise due diligence in attending to their respective duties and obligations in the best interest of the Company. 3. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: The Directors, senior management, officers and employees should be scrupulous  in avoiding ‘conflicts of interest’ with the Company. In case there is likely to be a conflict of interest, he/she should make full disclosure of all facts and circumstances thereof to the Board of directors or any Committee / officer nominated for this purpose by the Board and a prior written approval should be obtained. A conflict situation can arise: a. When an employee, officer, senior manager or Director takes action or has interests that may make it difficult to perform his or her work objectively and effectively, b. The receipt of improper personal benefits by a member of his or her family as a result of one’s position in the Company, c. Any outside business activity that detracts an individual’s ability to devote appropriate time and attention to his or her responsibilities with the Company, d. The receipt of non-nominal gifts or excessive entertainment from any person/company with which the Company has current or prospective business dealings, e. Any significant ownership interest in any supplier, customer, development partner or competitor of the Company, f. Any consulting or employment relationship with any supplier, customer, business associate or competitor of the Company. 4. TRANSPARENCY: The Directors and the Senior Management are to ensure that their action/s in the conduct of business are transparent, except where the confidentiality of the business requires otherwise. Such transparency shall be brought through appropriate policies, procedures, and maintaining supporting and proper records. 5. FAIR DEALING: Each director, member of core management team, officer, and employee should deal fairly with customers, suppliers, competitors, and employees of group companies. They should not take unfair advantage of anyone through manipulation, concealment, abuse of confidential, proprietary or trade secret information, misrepresentation of material facts, or any other unfair dealing-practices. 6. HONEST AND ETHICAL CONDUCT: The Directors, senior management, officers and employees shall act in accordance with the highest standards of personal and professional integrity, honesty and ethical conduct not only on Company’s premises and  offsite but also at company sponsored business, social events as well as any places. They shall act and conduct free from fraud and deception. Their conduct shall conform to the best-accepted professional standards of conduct. 7. CORPORATE OPPORTUNITIES: Directors, senior management, officers and employees owe a duty to the Company to advance its legitimate interests when the opportunity to do so arises. Directors, senior management, officers, and employees are expressly prohibited from: a. Taking for themselves personally, opportunities that are discovered through the use of Company’s property, information, or position, b. Competing directly with the business of the Company or with any business that the Company is considering. Using Company’s property, information, or position for personal gain. If the Company has finally decided not to pursue an opportunity that relates to the Company’s business activity, he/she may pursue such activity only after disclosing the same to the Board of directors or the nominated person/committee. 8. BUSINESS INTEGRITY: The Directors and the Senior Management are to ensure that the Company carries out its business as per accepted practices of business integrity, ethical standards, fair play and conduct, honestly, legitimately and as a fair competitor. 9. WORK PLACE: The Directors and the Senior Management are to ensure that there is gender friendly work place, equal opportunities are given to men and women, and there exists good employment practices. 1 0. QUALITY OF PRODUCTS/SERVICES: The Directors and the Senior Management are to endeavor that the products / services of the Company meet the accepted standards of quality including that of ISO 9001 and any other standard/s, and also the specifications of the legal authorities/laws so that customer satisfaction is ensured. Moreover costs are kept reasonable. 11. PROTECTION AND PROPER USE OF COMPANY’S ASSETS: The Directors and the Senior Management are to ensure to protect Company’s assets and property and the same should be used only for legitimate business  purposes. 12. CONFIDENTIALITY: The Directors, Senior Management, Officers and Employees shall maintain the confidentiality of confidential information of the Company or that of any customer, supplier or business associate of the Company to which Company has a duty to maintain confidentiality, except when disclosure is authorized or legally mandated. The Confidential information includes all non-public information (including private, proprietary, and other) that might be of use to competitors or harmful to the Company or its associates. The use of confidential information for his/her own advantage or profit is also prohibited. 13. COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS, RULES, AND REGULATIONS: T he Directors, senior management, officers and employees shall comply with all applicable laws, rules, and regulations. Transactions, directly or indirectly, involving securities of the Company should not be undertaken without pre-clearance from the Company’s compliance officer/Company Secretary. Any Director, member of core management team, officer or employee who is unfamiliar or uncertain about the legal rules involving Company business conducted by him/her should consult the legal department of the Company before taking any action that may jeopardize the Company or that individual. 14. RELATIONSHIP WITH CUSTOMERS AND SUPPLIERS: The Directors and the Senior Management are to endeavor that their dealings with the customers are given due importance, value is created and relationship of trust is built. In dealing with suppliers it should be the endeavor that supplies are based on need, quality, service, price, and appropriate terms and conditions. 15. SHAREHOLDERS: The Directors and the Senior Management are to ensure that the rights of shareholders are met as per law and good corporate practices, and all efforts are made to provide best services to them. 16. COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES: The Directors and the Senior Management are to endeavor that the Company be a trusted corporate citizen and, as an integral part of the Society, fulfills its responsibilities and duties to the societies and communities in which it  operates. 17. CODE OF ETHICS FOR CHIEF FINANCE OFFICER: Honesty, integrity and sound judgment of the senior financial officers is fundamental for the success and reputation of Action Construction Equipment Limited. The professional and ethical conduct of the senior financial officers is essential to the proper functioning of the Company. The senior finance officers as well as Directors of the Company shall be bound by the following code of ethics: 1. Act with honesty and integrity, including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal, financial and professional relationships, 2. Make full, fair, accurate, timely, and understandable disclosure in reports and documents that the Company files with, or submits or makes periodically, to the shareholders, government authorities, and to the public, 3. Comply with governmental laws, rules, notifications and regulations applicable to the Company’s business, 4. Disclose to the Board or any committee/officer designated by the Board for this purpose, any material transaction or relationship that reasonably could be expected to give rise to any violations of the code including actual or apparent conflicts with the interests of the company, 5. Promote prompt reporting of violations of the Code of Ethics to the Board of Directors or any person/committee designated for this purpose, as may be necessary, 6. Respect the confidentiality of information acquired in the course of employment unless legally obliged to disclose and ensure that no such confidential information is used for personal advantage/benefit, 7. Maintain the skills necessary and relevant to the Company’s needs, 8. Act in good faith, responsibility, with due care, competence and diligence without misrepresenting material facts, 9. Refrain from any inappropriate or undue influence of any kind in all dealings with independent auditors, and avoid any actual or apparent conflicts with analysts, 10. Achieve responsible use of and control over all assets and resources employed or entrusted to them, 11. Promote ethical and honest behavior within the Company and its associates, Chief Finance Officer should adhere to both the code of business conduct and the code of ethics of the Company. Violation of the code of ethics will lead to appropriate disciplinary action including dismissal from the services of the Company any  deviation/waiver from this code can only be affected on the sole and absolute discretionary authority of the Board or any person/committee designated by the Board for this purpose. 18. INTERPRETATION OF CODE: Any question or interpretation under this Code of Ethics and Business Conduct will be handled by the Board or any person /committee authorized by the Board of the Company. The Board of Directors or any designated person/committee has the authority to waive compliance with this Code of business conduct for any Director, member of core management team, officer or employee of the Company. The person-seeking waiver of this Code shall make full disclosure of the particular circumstances to the Board or the designated person/ committee 19. COMPLIANCE WITH THE CODE OF CONDUCT: Compliance with this Code of Conduct is an obligation. The Directors and the Senior Management are to ensure that this Code is communicated to, and understood and observed by all employees. The Directors and the Senior Management shall affirm compliance with the Code, on an annual basis. The Board expects employees to bring to their attention, or to that of Senior Management, any breach or suspected breach of this Code. Compliance with this Code is subject to the review by the Board and complemented by the Audit Committee of the Board. Any modification/s, amendment/s, or review of this Code shall be done by the Board.