Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Research Paper Example As such, good leadership is a major tool every organization should consider especially in today’s modern world because it determines the difference between the success and failure of the organization (Holden, 2007). Many organizations in the world have succeeded while others have failed miserably due to application of poor or good leadership. This paper will identify two individuals who have portrayed both good and poor leadership skills that have helped them push their organizations towards success or failure. As such, the paper will look at the CEO of Apple Inc., Steve Jobs as an example of a good leader by analyzing his leadership styles and qualities. In addition, the paper will look at the CEO of HP as the example of poor leadership. Understanding leadership Leadership refers to an influence relationship that exists between leaders and their followers with an intention of bringing real changes and outcomes that depict shared purposes. On the other hand, a leader is a pers on who learns and acts in such a way that people respect him and follow him due to his recognized achievements and charismatic reflection. In a more generalized term, leadership is an integral aspect of management because it helps in the making of vital decisions that greatly benefit organizations (Canals, 2013). Additionally, leadership does not denote personality, but rather represents a price that individuals have to pay in order to attain success or experience failure. Therefore, in order to achieve success, the leaders have to set the pace for the rest of the team to follow because leading a crowd or a team may be extremely challenging. Development of leaders A leader is a person who learns and acts in such a way that people respect and follow him due to his charismatic reflection and recognized achievements (Holden, 2007). However, the major controversy that caused unending debates from scholars is how the leaders develop because others argued that leaders ‘are made†™ while the rest opposed that leaders ‘are born’ with leadership traits. They also argued that leaders could adapt their leadership style depending on the situation at hand. Scholars came up with different theories to differentiate the two aspects. For instance, the traditional leadership theories claimed that leadership is nature borne of individual and shunned the great man theory that claims that leaders ‘are made’ by arguing that it was impossible to create such attributes on a grown individual. Contemporary leadership theories confirm making of leaders because it depicts an individual’sadvancing through a series of stages that portray the possibilities of an individual becoming a leader (Canals, 2013). To analyze the possibilities of an individual becoming a leader, the contingency, transformational, and transactional approaches offer the best forecast. However, changes in leadership continuously emerge due to environmental dynamics and acquis ition of skill. Changes in leadership pattern from old to new Scholars researched the concept fostering transformational leadership in the 1970s with an aim of finding out the difference between transforming leadership and transactional leadership. Traditionally, the regular use of transactional leadership style was because it involves managing, supervising and motivating the employees. However, as the world advanced, the

In the United States, many states Essay Example for Free

In the United States, many states Essay The rescue game, a joint social responsibility, must be approached with a lot of tact and undying resilience. With mortality rates on the high and visible evidences of the cause stirring us in the face, we are left with but one question, just one: who is the real killer? The very undeniable frequent recurrence of death through heart disease has been on the high for long stretches of time, which earlier was solely traceable to tobacco. The earlier discovery though incomplete has led the Government of the United States to impose heavy taxes on the tobacco manufacturing companies. Much of the funds realized from such taxes have helped to project billboards and campaigns against tobacco use. However, of late a more devastating killer of mankind was sighted. This, which had stayed so closely to the bosom of humans and even lured many until it became a delight, suddenly brings out its silent pistol carting the lives of many away. Who may have realized how potentially harmful a seeming sumptuous high-fat diet would have turned out? The facts are however showing by the day in alarming numbers of the heart disease even in non-smokers. I hereby use this medium to vigorously alert the Government to the incumbent dangers and threat to life these die hard life stealer have been and therewith request urgently that a bill be passed to levy high-fat fast food producers with heavy tax duties as was with the tobacco, seeing now this high fat foods even kills more and faster than other possible causes of heart failure. Such funds can then be re-channeled to educate the still ignorant many through the use of advance multimedia projections on lighted digital boards, billboard, newspaper and television.

The Anarchist Journal, Mother Earth :: Mother Earth Essays

"This version of Mother Earth was an anarchist periodical aimed at bringing up progressive issues, and discuss these. It was in circulation among people in the radical community in the United States from 1933 - 1934." -- Wikipedia Repeatedly in history, conceptions of nature have served as ideological justifications for political theory. The most obvious example is the Hobbesian state of nature against which even the most oppressive government appears perfectly legitimate. Whereas in most cases of political theory, nature looks like an incompetent savage or unreliable tramp, some anarchist lines of argument instead offer versions of nature as infinite, loving, or otherwise better than the artifices to which it is implicitly opposed. Whether for or against nature, depictions of the natural world in political theory consider it in cultural units of m eaning, a combination of icons and stereotypes that change not only our understanding of nature, but also of the units of meaning being referenced. In the early twentieth century journal Mother Earth, a construction of nature comes together, in a publication interested mostly in anarchist and feminist goals, that worshipped nature as a huge, consuming, feminine super being. Certain traits in the construction of nature in this journal form an account of nature as a particular type of femininity to be admired, a move laden both with direct strategic value and creeping implications for the idealizations of womanhood. In order to establish the desirability of the journal’s goal of a world without artificial systems of control, the opposition of nature and artifice is a crucial first step.

Aging in Society

Exam 2 * Question 6 * The Sandwich Generation is where many caregivers are taking care of an elderly parent, while at the same time caring for their own children, and sometimes holding down a full-time job. As a concerned social worker the suggestion of better social support assistance I would suggest is a certified nurse that stays with the elder person to help with mobility as well as actual personal needs if needed. The nurse would have to stay for at least a half a day whether it is the beginning of the day or the end of the day. Most elders require home care rather than home health care, so obtaining home care would be my focus.Obtaining home care can be tricky but the suggestions for my ideas would be as followed so that this person could receive the best possible results that require the most attention. Me being the social worker would have to determine the needs of the elder person, interview and selecting caregivers, create a written contract to insure the following care is provided, following a activity log, Supervision, communication and problem-solving, social security and insurance coverage. For many, the use of long term care has minor financial impacts.For others, the impact of long term care use can be catastrophic. It can cause the depletion of lifetime savings, dramatically reduce one's standard of living, or force someone to purchase less care than they need. Economic considerations also sometimes force people to enter a nursing home even though they would rather be home, just because it is easier to qualify for Medicaid coverage in a nursing home than at home. * In the world of the elderly, ethical issues have an even greater significance because they usually involve an elder who is likely to be more vulnerable that the average adult.For that reason, in many ways the elderly are taken advantage of by people in whom they have misplaced their trust. For the elderly, ethics is about how they want to be treated and allowed to make their own deci sions. For family members as caregivers, ethics is about doing what is right even when no one is looking. The financial effects of long term care use are different and vary according to the type of services used such as the extended time of care, and the level of financial resources available to pay for care.Depending on the interaction of these variables a individual's long term care use can have little or no impact, very small impact, or a horrible consequences * Question 7 Whether we want to or not, each of us will die someday. And with every year we only get older and as we get older there will be more and more problems with health. As you get older if I were a healthcare professional I would insist that at whenever there is a moment something does not feel right or there is pain. That person should contact their doctor and make an appointment, only because the situation will only get worse.Many elderly, because they have been dealing with a life threatening illness, will know t hat â€Å"the end† is coming. Helping patients and their families in their adjustment to the reality of a person about to die or one with an acute illness is an important part of planning ahead and to begin if they have not to change their living arrangements. I don’t think it would be good for an elderly person to live alone. But some elderly persons are stubborn and choose not to have help. This could hinder them if they had been having very bad pain or felt something was wrong and never got it checked out.The situation could get worse and the possibility of someone not getting to that person in time. Measures to help the elderly in the aging in place would be to send a nurse to go maybe three days a week for a couple of hours every day. These workers would try to counsel and educate patients and their families during the patient’s illness or aging so that all the family is on the same page. This would allow patients to be a bit more at peace and have some dig nity with the presence and support of their families.Because the care of the patient is provided at home, often with the involvement of family members, home care is less expensive than care in a hospital or skilled nursing facility. Medicare covers many of the direct patient services provided in a home care setting, including durable medical equipment, pharmaceutical costs and medical care provided by physicians, nurses, therapists, home health aides, chaplains and social workers. Persons receiving Medicare should look for a Medicare-certified home care programs. Question 8I think hiring contingency workers is a good thing because maybe if a permanent worker took off for a week the temporary worker could fill in. It also depends on the company, if their under staffed and absolutely need the job done hiring a temp would benefit. The downfall would be if they need something strenuously done that only the permanent worker can perform, it might take too much time to teach the things tha t need to be done to the temp worker. I believe if the temp does a good job this could possibly give that person a opportunity of employment.Temps typically are the first to return to the workplace after a downturn because employers uncertain about the pace of recovery can release them at the slightest hint of economic weakness without major legal or financial consequences. Desperate job-seekers may prefer temporary work to no work at all, and temporary jobs can turn into permanent positions. The advantages of a permanent worker are steady income, health insurance, paid vacations, dental insurance, paid vacations, 401 k plan, personal days and sick days.The disadvantages for contingency worker is lower pay, costly health care, no invitation to formal events for the company, no sick days, no paid vacation, no pay on holidays, no job security and no retirement savings The economic consequences can be significant. The prevalence of temporary workers can keep a lid on wages for everyone . Since they often don’t get benefits and can’t depend on their positions to last very long, temporary workers may be less willing to spend money, creating a drag on the recovery. A less stable workforce further exaggerates the divide between the haves and the have-nots.

Arts and the Creative Process

The main forms of expression in the arts are painting, music, theater and dance. Art disciplines have been in existence from the beginning of time. Man has an instinctive need to express himself.Thus, this was manifested in wall paintings in Egypt, silk paintings in the Asian communities, Greek sculptures in European cities among other artifacts.DanceThe first dance is salsa. The primary element in this dance is weight change. The dancer shifts his or her weight without affecting the upper body. Only the lower body moves to the music. This is normally a partner dance. It is often performed by a man and a woman.The pace of the dance varies with the drummer’s beats. It can be very fast or moderately slow. The movements in this style are fluid since it was originally borrowed from several other influences (Cooper, 2001).The second is the Waltz. This dance was conceptualized in the 18th century in Eastern Europe. It is a ballroom dance, where the dancer glides gracefully across th e room with a partner. The basic steps are relatively easy to learn. The partners hold each other close while dancing. There is a leader, the man, who shows the follower, the woman, the next step. The third is tap dance.Here, the performer wears specially made shoes that produce a clear tapping sound when they hit the floor. The tap sounds must vary to create a different resonance with each step (Dolfsma, 2004). The performer must balance his or her weight on the balls of their feet. The feet are used to produce rhythmic sounds.The final dance is the break dance. This was primarily a street dance. The style integrates suppleness and style. The breaker’s upper body must be very sturdy. The head and hands are most utilized in this dance.MusicThe first genre of music is pop. This is the popular music at any one time. The performers can vary in number. The songs have a melodic chorus that is easy to remember.   However, the songs are arranged in the traditional structure. The s econd is Rock and Roll. Guitars are the main instruments played here. The music has gained massive popular appeal over the years (Dolfsma, 2004). It is truly motivated by Blues music. There are two types, soft and hard rock.The third type is Gospel music. It is sung to express faith in Christianity. It is a substitute to conventional music in the secular realm. It is expressed in all other genres. The main theme is giving praise to God. The final genre is neo-soul. It is a fairly recent form of harmony. This music is very poetic. The themes of the songs are usually socially conscious. This music is a combination of jazz and hip-hop.

Free Essays on The Sky At Night

The sky is the most beautiful & immortal possessions of nature. The panoply of stars, galaxies & constellations ornate the sky with their dazzling shapes & structural patterns. As the dusk starts folding into the night, the clouds wearing different shapes & patterns serve as a curtain raiser to the natures organized beauty pageant. When the sun settles down, the sky prepares for another invasion over the heart of its audience. Their sublime beauty captivates the eyes of millions of people on earth. Most of them spend hours per week admiring the remarkable piece of work rendered by nature. They either pensively retrospect & introspect their deeds ,or spend that moment with their beloved, and some of them even carry out the daunting task of counting all the visible stars. Although the sky is at peace, its quiescence extravaganza is accorded by the applaud of ocean waves who feast their eyes over the solemn pomp. The sky unveils the pile of jewels to flatter its patrons. Moonlight is one of the captivating assets from the treasure house of sky. Its fraught with beatitude & inveigles the heart of mankind. This mesmerizing light is acknowledged to enthuse a romantic aura on the cynosure. The amount of light or more appropriately felicity, slacks & withers with the versatile nature of moon. The moon by itself is a quintessence & measures up as a perpetual rival to the angelic beauties of earth. Wondering on massive population of stars in the sky is a moot point. Speculations conclude that this number is uncertain. The whole sky can be personified as an amalgamation of optimistic values. Each star is associated with some moral ethics namely, love, affection, caring & sharing, harmony, fellow-feeling, tranquility,serenity and the whole spectrum of sanguine conscience. These morals are directly affiliated to their counterparts on earth. When any of the ethos dwindles and starts falling below the threshold limits, the stars renounce themse... Free Essays on The Sky At Night Free Essays on The Sky At Night The sky is the most beautiful & immortal possessions of nature. The panoply of stars, galaxies & constellations ornate the sky with their dazzling shapes & structural patterns. As the dusk starts folding into the night, the clouds wearing different shapes & patterns serve as a curtain raiser to the natures organized beauty pageant. When the sun settles down, the sky prepares for another invasion over the heart of its audience. Their sublime beauty captivates the eyes of millions of people on earth. Most of them spend hours per week admiring the remarkable piece of work rendered by nature. They either pensively retrospect & introspect their deeds ,or spend that moment with their beloved, and some of them even carry out the daunting task of counting all the visible stars. Although the sky is at peace, its quiescence extravaganza is accorded by the applaud of ocean waves who feast their eyes over the solemn pomp. The sky unveils the pile of jewels to flatter its patrons. Moonlight is one of the captivating assets from the treasure house of sky. Its fraught with beatitude & inveigles the heart of mankind. This mesmerizing light is acknowledged to enthuse a romantic aura on the cynosure. The amount of light or more appropriately felicity, slacks & withers with the versatile nature of moon. The moon by itself is a quintessence & measures up as a perpetual rival to the angelic beauties of earth. Wondering on massive population of stars in the sky is a moot point. Speculations conclude that this number is uncertain. The whole sky can be personified as an amalgamation of optimistic values. Each star is associated with some moral ethics namely, love, affection, caring & sharing, harmony, fellow-feeling, tranquility,serenity and the whole spectrum of sanguine conscience. These morals are directly affiliated to their counterparts on earth. When any of the ethos dwindles and starts falling below the threshold limits, the stars renounce themse...

Emancipation After The Civil War essays

Emancipation After The Civil War essays The years immediately following the Civil War were extremely turbulent, full of conflicts and disagreements. It seems as though everyone had a differing opinion of the direction the United States of America should have gone in these difficult years. The dictionary defines the word emancipation as the freeing someone from the control of another; especially a parent's relinquishing authority and control over a minor child. Unfortunately, the actual act of emancipating the slaves in America was not as simple as that. The time after the war and the way the slaves were treated then carried on and ultimately lead to the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s. Americans at the time, both black and white, disagreed on the issue of emancipation at the time. The emancipation of African Americans was an issue that effected all Americans: white, black, men, women, northerners, and southerners. And every group of Americans seemed to have a different take on it. In Lorences book Enduring Voices, there are several examples to the feelings and reactions of Americans at this turbulent time. One example was an entry written by a Southern planters wife about their former slave. It is apparent by the way she conveys the former slave in the entry that the Southerners at the time saw African Americans as less than human. She belittles him by having him talk like a child, saying words wrong and in general just sounding uneducated and incapable. So, of course, if the Southerners at the time felt that the blacks were incapable of thinking in the same way that the whites were, of course emancipation was not the success the government had hoped for, which is why in the entry, the planters former slave was forced to move back and do the same job he had always done. Lorence was actually able to get ahold of interviews of former slaves recollecting this point in time and how dif ...

Vengeance and Vindication

Vengeance and Vindication Vengeance and Vindication Vengeance and Vindication By Mark Nichol Vengeance, vindication, and a few related words are derived from a Latin word pertaining to punishment and retribution. These terms and their definitions are listed in this post. The forebear, the verb vindicare, means â€Å"avenge† and â€Å"claim,† though for each of its English descendants, the former sense holds almost exclusive sway. (Interestingly, vindicare may in turn stem from vim dicare, meaning â€Å"show authority†; the first word, meaning â€Å"force,† has been preserved in the first word in the phrase â€Å"vim and vigor,† while the second is the source of dictate, diction, and the like.) The verb avenge suggests righteous retribution (one who does so is an avenger), while the connotation of revenge suggests malicious retaliation. Revenge is more common as a noun than as a verb (though revenger is not employed to describe one who commits an act of revenge), while vengeance is employed as a noun in place of avenge; the adjectival form is vengeful. In a political context, revanche, adapted from the French verb revenchier, meaning â€Å"revenge,† refers to a policy of reasserting status or recovering territory; the practice is revanchism, and a revanchist is an adherent. Vindication is synonymous with vengeance, but usually it has the sense of â€Å"confirm,† â€Å"defend,† or â€Å"justify,† or â€Å"free from blame†; one who has been accused, then exonerated, is vindicated, and one who performs the vindication is a vindicator. The adjectival form is vindicative, which should not be confused with vindictive, which means â€Å"vengeful† or â€Å"spiteful.† For the most part, these terms entered the English language by way of French, but an exception is vendetta, adopted from Italian. Originally, it denoted a feud, especially a deadly one between families or clans that involves back-and-forth retaliation. Now, the sense is of a malignant campaign to discredit or harm someone. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Grammar Test 1Probable vs. PossibleHow Do You Determine Whether to Use Who or Whom?

Race and Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Race and Politics - Essay Example This is so for the whites who have some degree of guilt in them. The article demonstrates despair with regard to the practical realization of the issue being addressed. It is thus quite unfair due the fact that the white people and what is good for them is not given any concerns. This is major a fault in the article as it is solely based on the issues with the Negro people only. Integration as well as the possibility of there being massive immigration in the future is not demonstrated something that could turn to be a problem in the society. The author presents a good case about the interracial relationships. However they have not clearly stated the position in which they stand apart from the fact that they are depicting this interracial relationships in a negative way; this is in all aspects. There is no positivity in the author rather his view about this is that of a pessimistic kind of a person. It is like there is no good that can come out when two people from two different ethnic backgrounds enter into a relationship together. It is very unfortunate that even the legal justice system is crooked meaning that it does not protect people from such injustice as discrimination if they are from different ethnic backgrounds which is in terms of race and color. The author only presents the negative side or rather views of the interracial relationships therefore depicting that he is one sided on this matter. This however unexpected as he is required to develop part of what is positive about these interracial relationships. It is rather sad that the author does not provide any ways into which a solution can be reached at about the view that people have concerning interracial relationships. Social stigma is known to be the cause of very many upheavals in the society and interracial relationships are not in any way an exception. The author thus with reference to this fails to advocate for fair treatment of those who are from different racial

Web Server Hacking Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Web Server Hacking - Research Paper Example To add to the attraction and profitability of these hacking attacks is the proliferation of insecure web applications (Zachary, 2006). These attacks on computer systems with negative intent are not new. They go as far back as the eighties when hackers used their skills to break into computer systems and perform their illegal activities. The advent of web based applications, though, has led to the increase of sophistication in hacking attacks. The skill required to perform these attacks, on the other hand has lessened proportionately. In order to understand the need for security in one’s computer system, he or she should realize the risks involved. Most operating systems have a default configuration that is not designed with security as the chief focus. The default setup, instead, focus on functionality, communications and usability. There is therefore a need to understand the server vulnerabilities in a system in order to perform particular functions to improve security (Leyde n, 2002). It is hence clear that web server hacking is an important topic that should be evaluated in detail and understood by users of computer systems. When one tries to break into or use a computer system wrongly, he or she is considered an intruder. ‘Using wrongly’ is not a restricted term and can be used to represent an act of stealing confidential information or a minor offense of just misusing one’s email for spam (Zachary, 2006). Presently, more people both through the internet and corporate intranets are continuously attempting to test the various systems’ security. The motive differs in every instance but revenge and stealing for profit are some of the motives driving intruders. ‘Hacker’ and ‘attacker’ are the two terms that are used in describing a person who tries to get into networks and systems. An individual that likes to get into their computer system

Acute Pancreatits Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Acute Pancreatits - Research Paper Example However, a study made by Thisted, et.al ( 2005 ) concluded that statins do not have a causative affect to pancreatitis, in fact â€Å"may even indicate a mild protective effect†. Pancreatitis also affect the young population but mostly caused by genetic disorders. Children can receive the sickness from the following causes: Kawasaki disease (rare disease in children that inflates red blood cells), Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (the body produces toxic substances that destroy red blood cells), Reye Syndrome (Brain damage as well as intestinal malfunctions linked to children who took aspirin to cure chicken pox and related sicknesses), Mumps, abdominal trauma, certain medications, cystic fibrosis (inherited disease; causes thick mucus to clog lungs and the digestive tract), and viruses. People with acute pancreatitis exhibit symptoms that are very evident in the afflicted patient. According to studies made by Praganov and Foramark ( 2006), the most common sign of acute pancreatitis manifested by 95% of the afflicted is pain which radiates from the back to the shoulder blades. Some of the symptoms include jaundice (skin or eyes turn yellow due to bilirubin left by dead red blood cells), fever, sweating, anxiety, abdominal pains, and nausea. Other possible symptoms of the disease are swelling of the abdomen, abdominal indigestion, hiccups, rashes, and gaseousness. However, it is always advisable to consult a physician since other diseases such as Hepatitis and pancreatic cancer can manifest the same symptoms. In succeeding discussions, this report would also discuss the various tests needed by a doctor to correctly diagnose acute pancreatitis. Technically, the pathophysiology of pancreatitis is not fully understood. It is a common clinical condition with varying severity; it can be mild or lethal to the victim. The earliest

Desribing a room Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Desribing a room - Essay Example The entrance to this room has been decorated with artificial flowers shining on one side of the door. The door itself is made of wood and has been decorated with small stuffed toys. The right side of the room has a short shell on which small crystal decoration pieces have been placed. The left side is an empty wall which has nice painted scenery on it. The bed set is placed with the front wall facing the door. The bed set is made of wood and a nice patterned bed spread has been put on it. On the wall in front of the bed set is attached the light crystal display television set. Under the television set is a table, which has a DVD player on it. Under the table are the television stabilizers and the speakers. The wall on one side of the bed set opens into the dressing room. The roof is cemented but has bamboo patterns on it which look very beautiful. The curtains are made of silk fabric. The color theme of the room is light green which means that most of the things that the room contain s are green in color. The room is painted in green with shine particles sprinkled on the paint which keeps them stuck to the wall. The ceiling has been decorated with light emitting stars which shine when the light is off. The bed spread and the carpet are also green.

Sales Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sales Proposal - Essay Example The brochures containing information about the different models of air conditioners are with me. All I need to do is make a concise proposal and hand it to the customer along with the prices and the brochure. The proposal must be made in a letter that is not more than two pages in length. The proposal begins with the reference to the customer’s verbal enquiry, and goes on to thank him for the same. The range of the air conditioners is divided into three categories, as top class, medium level, and the regular air conditioners. I arm myself with all the information and brochures of the top class air conditioners. I also take with me a few brochures of the medium and the regular ranges. The literature containing my proposal and the brochures are packed into my brief case. I neatly place two ball pens at the slots provided inside the brief case. The proposal provides the main features of the air conditioners and requests the customer to refer to the brochures for more details. The proposal is careful to mention the advantages of the company’s air conditioners compared to the other air conditioners available in the market. I take a blank proforma invoice with me so that when the order is placed the customer gets the proforma invoice against which he can make the payment. I will send him the regular bill with the air conditioner. It is 4.00 pm and I am at the customer’s residence. I politely introduce myself and enter the residence. I open my brief case and hand him my proposal and the brochures. The customer goes through the proposal in silence. Then he asks me how much time it would take for the air conditioner to be fitted in his bedroom. I tell him it would take about an hour. He asks me some more routine questions and I answer them politely. I then convince him about the benefits of the air conditioner and the changes he can expect in his residence with the new air conditioner.

Desribing a room Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Desribing a room - Essay Example The entrance to this room has been decorated with artificial flowers shining on one side of the door. The door itself is made of wood and has been decorated with small stuffed toys. The right side of the room has a short shell on which small crystal decoration pieces have been placed. The left side is an empty wall which has nice painted scenery on it. The bed set is placed with the front wall facing the door. The bed set is made of wood and a nice patterned bed spread has been put on it. On the wall in front of the bed set is attached the light crystal display television set. Under the television set is a table, which has a DVD player on it. Under the table are the television stabilizers and the speakers. The wall on one side of the bed set opens into the dressing room. The roof is cemented but has bamboo patterns on it which look very beautiful. The curtains are made of silk fabric. The color theme of the room is light green which means that most of the things that the room contain s are green in color. The room is painted in green with shine particles sprinkled on the paint which keeps them stuck to the wall. The ceiling has been decorated with light emitting stars which shine when the light is off. The bed spread and the carpet are also green.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 118

Assignment Example The banking system has played an important role in home mortgages due to their role that has grown in turn in home mortgages to securities. The chain involved in securitization starts with origination of mortgages and sold to one or more financial entities before they end up to mortgage loans that are sold to investors. The value of security obtain is related to value of mortgage loans that are used to back up security paid with interest. The backed up security is paid in interest and those that own homes pay the mortgage loans. The process and stages that shadow banking is involved leads to generation of finance. This makes the process essential in generation of finances. There are differences and similarities that occur in the banks. In similarity, both the banks are seen to perform credit intermediation. However, there are varied differences that occur in the banks. In convention al banks, there is occurrence under the same roof while in shadow banking, giving out of credits occurs through a chain of entities. This makes operation in shadow banking to be more complex than in conventional banks. Another difference that can be noted between the two banks is on the regulations that are involved in acquiring credit. Conventional banks are strictly regulated having access to central bank funding and deposit insurance schemes. In shadow banks, there is little or no regulation since they are not able to access funding from central banks. Shadow banking is also based on wholesale funding. The difference that the banks have on the source of funding also is brought out in conventional banking. Universal banking refers to the condition in which are allowed to give a variety of services to their customers. The banks are not just restricted to provision of services related to loans and savings but also involved in in other services such as investments. In baking category there is banking which considers different aspects.

Pharmacology and Medical Treatment Essay Example for Free

Pharmacology and Medical Treatment Essay Relating course content to the current health care environment is an integral part of your learning. Two (2) application papers are required in this course. These short papers will give you the opportunity to apply course content. They should be approximately 500 words in length each (2 pages). The topics for these two papers are noted below. Refer to at least one outside source in addition to your text as you prepare each of these papers. Application Paper One: New Pharmaceuticals Application Paper Two: Pain Medications The body of the papers should be approximately 500 words (2 pages); there should also be a title page and a reference page. Papers that are too brief or too verbose could be subject to large point deductions. The papers should be uploaded into the appropriate Dropbox. The file should be named [LastName]AP1.doc or [LastName]AP2.doc respectively. Use APA guidelines. APA requires double-spacing, but I will allow 1 ½ spacing if desired. All sources must be cited in APA format. The full reference should be found at the end of the paper. Links to APA reference guidelines are presented at the end of the course syllabus and an interactive tutorial is located in Week 3. Application Paper 1 (Due Week 4): New Pharmaceuticals TCO 2 deals with new experimental drugs and the steps required to bring new drugs to market. The first application paper deals with this as well. Describe the steps that are required to bring a new pharmaceutical to market. Address topics like human testing, the role of the FDA in approving new drugs, and the cost incurred by drug companies when developing new drugs. Application Paper 2 (Due Week 7): Pain Medications Your first paragraph needs to outline the different types of drug to relieve pain. Then, you ONLY select ONE type of pain medication to describe the mechanism of drug action (Pharmacology) and the therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, you need to discuss the adverse effects, abuse potential, and  toxicities of such type of drug (if applicable). Finally, you will describe your opinion of using such type of pain medication. The two topic papers are worth 140 points (70 points each) and represent 14% of your total grade. Each paper will be graded on the following: Content50 points Grammar/spelling10 points References/citations10 points Based on the following criteria: Content (double points for this category) 1. The paper fulfills the purpose of the assignment as described in the syllabus and in this document (up to 10 points) 2. The introduction leads logically to the main idea or thesis (up to 10 points) 3. Supporting evidence is developed and analyzed sufficiently (up to 10 points) 4. Conclusion provides insightful closure (up to 10 points) 5. The content flows logically and demonstrates an understanding of the topic (up to 10 points) Grammar/Spelling 1. Sentences are grammatically correct (noun/verb agreement, punctuation, sentence structure, etc.) (up to 5 points) 2. Spelling is correct (e.g., homonyms used correctly, no misspellings) (up to 5 points) References/citations 1. Sources are cited in the body of the paper using APA format (up to 5 points) 2. Reference list is included with the paper that lists only sources cited in the document (up to 5 points) Points will be awarded for each criterion on the following scale: 5 points = few or no weaknesses found; writer satisfies the criteria with distinction 4 points = strengths outweigh the weaknesses; writer shows sound understanding of criteria 3 points = strengths and weaknesses are about equal; writer shows awareness of criteria 2 points = weaknesses outweighs strengths;  writer shows limited understanding of criteria 1 point = weaknesses far outweigh strengths; writer does not show understanding of criteria Five points (5) will be deducted for each the following: No title page included Name is not on title page or in document Insufficient number of sources cited (must have at least one in addition to the course textbook) Please refer to DeVry’s Academic Integrity Policy located in the Policies Tab under Course Home in the online classroom. Any suspected violation of the Academic Integrity Policy will be handled according to the policy.

The Bank of England Monetary and financial stability

The Bank of England Monetary and financial stability The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom. Sometimes known as the Old Lady of Threadneedle Street, the Bank was founded in 1694, nationalised on 1 March 1946, and gained independence in 1997. Standing at the centre of the UKs financial system, the Bank is committed to promoting and maintaining monetary and financial stability as its contribution to a healthy economy. The Bank of England exists to ensure monetary stability and to contribute to financial stability. The Bank of England has been issuing banknotes for over 300 years. During that time, both the notes themselves and their role in society have undergone continual change. From todays perspective, it is easy to accept that a piece of paper that costs a few pence to produce is worth five, ten, twenty or fifty pounds. Gaining and maintaining public confidence in the currency is a key role of the Bank of England and one which is essential to the proper functioning of the economy. Core Purpose 1 Monetary Stability Monetary stability means stable prices and confidence in the currency. Stable prices are defined by the Governments inflation target, which the Bank seeks to meet through the decisions delegated to the Monetary Policy Committee, explaining those decisions transparently and implementing them effectively in the money markets. The first objective of any central bank is to safeguard the value of the currency in terms of what it will purchase at home and in terms of other currencies. Monetary policy is directed to achieving this objective and to providing a framework for non-inflationary economic growth. As in most other developed countries, monetary policy operates in the UK mainly through influencing the price at which money is lent, in other words the interest rate. The Banks price stability objective is made explicit in the present monetary policy framework. It has two main elements: an annual inflation target set each year by the Government and a commitment to an open and accountable policy-making regime. Setting monetary policy deciding on the level of short-term interest rates necessary to meet the Governments inflation target is the responsibility of the Bank. In May 1997 the Government gave the Bank operational independence to set monetary policy by deciding the short-term level of interest rates to meet the Governments stated inflation target currently 2%. Core Purpose 2 Financial Stability Financial stability entails detecting and reducing threats to the financial system as a whole. Such threats are detected through the Banks surveillance and market intelligence functions. They are reduced by strengthening infrastructure, and by financial and other operations, at home and abroad, including, in exceptional circumstances, by acting as the lender of last resort. One of the Bank of Englands two core purposes is monetary stability. Monetary stability means stable prices low inflation and confidence in the currency. Stable prices are defined by the Governments inflation target, which the Bank seeks to meet through the decisions taken by the Monetary Policy Committee. A principal objective of any central bank is to safeguard the value of the currency in terms of what it will purchase. Rising prices inflation reduces the value of money. Monetary policy is directed to achieving this objective and providing a framework for non-inflationary economic growth. As in most other developed countries, monetary policy usually operates in the UK through influencing the price at which money is lent the interest rate. However, in March 2009 the Banks Monetary Policy Committee announced that in addition to setting Bank Rate, it would start to inject money directly into the economy by purchasing assets often known as quantitative easing. This means that the instrument of monetary policy shifts towards the quantity of money provided rather than its price. Low inflation is not an end in itself. It is however an important factor in helping to encourage long-term stability in the economy. Price stability is a precondition for achieving a wider economic goal of sustainable growth and employment. High inflation can be damaging to the functioning of the economy. Low inflation can help to foster sustainable long-term economic growth. Monetary Policy Framework The Banks monetary policy objective is to deliver price stability low inflation and, subject to that, to support the Governments economic objectives including those for growth and employment. Price stability is defined by the Governments inflation target of 2%. The remit recognises the role of price stability in achieving economic stability more generally, and in providing the right conditions for sustainable growth in output and employment. The Governments inflation target is announced each year by the Chancellor of the Exchequer in the annual Budget statement. The 1998 Bank of England Act made the Bank independent to set interest rates. The Bank is accountable to parliament and the wider public. The legislation provides that if, in extreme circumstances, the national interest demands it, the Government has the power to give instructions to the Bank on interest rates for a limited period. The inflation target The inflation target of 2% is expressed in terms of an annual rate of inflation based on the Consumer Prices Index (CPI). The remit is not to achieve the lowest possible inflation rate. Inflation below the target of 2% is judged to be just as bad as inflation above the target. The inflation target is therefore symmetrical. If the target is missed by more than 1 percentage point on either side i.e. if the annual rate of CPI inflation is more than 3% or less than 1% the Governor of the Bank must write an open letter to the Chancellor explaining the reasons why inflation has increased or fallen to such an extent and what the Bank proposes to do to ensure inflation comes back to the target. A target of 2% does not mean that inflation will be held at this rate constantly. That would be neither possible nor desirable. Interest rates would be changing all the time, and by large amounts, causing unnecessary uncertainty and volatility in the economy. Even then it would not be possible to keep inflation at 2% in each and every month. Instead, the MPCs aim is to set interest rates so that inflation can be brought back to target within a reasonable time period without creating undue instability in the economy. The Monetary Policy Committee The Bank seeks to meet the inflation target by setting an interest rate. The level of interest rates is decided by a special committee the Monetary Policy Committee. The MPC consists of nine members five from the Bank of England and four external members appointed by the Chancellor. It is chaired by the Governor of the Bank of England. The MPC meets monthly for a two-day meeting, usually on the Wednesday and Thursday after the first Monday of each month. Decisions are made by a vote of the Committee on a one-person one-vote basis. Communications The interest rate decision is announced at 12 noon on the second day. The minutes of the meetings, including a record of the vote, are published on the Wednesday of the second week after the meeting takes place. Each quarter, the Bank publishes its Inflation Report, which provides a detailed analysis of economic conditions and the prospects for economic growth and inflation agreed by the MPC. The Bank also publishes other material to increase awareness and understanding of its monetary policy function. Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) Interest rates are set by the Banks Monetary Policy Committee. The MPC sets an interest rate it judges will enable the inflation target to be met. The Banks Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) is made up of nine members the Governor, the two Deputy Governors, the Banks Chief Economist, the Executive Director for Markets and four external members appointed directly by the Chancellor. The appointment of external members is designed to ensure that the MPC benefits from thinking and expertise in addition to that gained inside the Bank of England How Monetary Policy Works From interest rates to inflation When the Bank of England changes the official interest rate it is attempting to influence the overall level of expenditure in the economy. When the amount of money spent grows more quickly than the volume of output produced, inflation is the result. In this way, changes in interest rates are used to control inflation. The Bank of England sets an interest rate at which it lends to financial institutions. This interest rate then affects the whole range of interest rates set by commercial banks, building societies and other institutions for their own savers and borrowers. It also tends to affect the price of financial assets, such as bonds and shares, and the exchange rate, which affect consumer and business demand in a variety of ways. Lowering or raising interest rates affects spending in the economy. A reduction in interest rates makes saving less attractive and borrowing more attractive, which stimulates spending. Lower interest rates can affect consumers and firms cash-flow a fall in interest rates reduces the income from savings and the interest payments due on loans. Borrowers tend to spend more of any extra money they have than lenders, so the net effect of lower interest rates through this cash-flow channel is to encourage higher spending in aggregate. The opposite occurs when interest rates are increased. Lower interest rates can boost the prices of assets such as shares and houses. Higher house prices enable existing home owners to extend their mortgages in order to finance higher consumption. Higher share prices raise households wealth and can increase their willingness to spend. Changes in interest rates can also affect the exchange rate. An unexpected rise in the rate of interest in the UK relative to overseas would give investors a higher return on UK assets relative to their foreign-currency equivalents, tending to make sterling assets more attractive. That should raise the value of sterling, reduce the price of imports, and reduce demand for UK goods and services abroad. However, the impact of interest rates on the exchange rate is, unfortunately, seldom that predictable. Changes in spending feed through into output and, in turn, into employment. That can affect wage costs by changing the relative balance of demand and supply for workers. But it also influences wage bargainers expectations of inflation an important consideration for the eventual settlement. The impact on output and wages feeds through to producers costs and prices, and eventually consumer prices. Some of these influences can work more quickly than others. And the overall effect of monetary policy will be more rapid if it is credible. But, in general, there are time lags before changes in interest rates affect spending and saving decisions, and longer still before they affect consumer prices. We cannot be precise about the size or timing of all these channels. But the maximum effect on output is estimated to take up to about one year. And the maximum impact of a change in interest rates on consumer price inflation takes up to about two years. So interest rates have to be set based on judgments about what inflation might be the outlook over the coming few years not what it is today. Setting interest rates As banker to the Government and the banks, the Bank is able to forecast fairly accurately the pattern of money flows between the Governments accounts on one hand and the commercial banks on the other, and acts on a daily basis to smooth out the imbalances which arise. When more money flows from the banks to the Government than vice versa, the banks holdings of liquid assets are run down and the money market finds itself short of funds. When more money flows the other way, the market can be in cash surplus. In practice the pattern of Government and Bank operations usually results in a shortage of cash in the market each day. The Bank supplies the cash which the banking system as a whole needs to achieve balance by the end of each settlement day. Because the Bank is the final provider of cash to the system it can choose the interest rate at which it will provide these funds each day. The interest rate at which the Bank supplies these funds is quickly passed throughout the financial system, influencing interest rates for the whole economy. When the Bank changes its dealing rate, the commercial banks change their own base rates from which deposit and lending rates are calculated. Quantitative Easing In March 2009, the Monetary Policy Committee announced that, in addition to setting Bank Rate at 0.5%, it would start to inject money directly into the economy in order to meet the inflation target. The instrument of monetary policy shifted towards the quantity of money provided rather than its price (Bank Rate). But the objective of policy is unchanged to meet the inflation target of 2 per cent on the CPI measure of consumer prices. Influencing the quantity of money directly is essentially a different means of reaching the same end. Read more Significant reductions in Bank Rate have provided a large stimulus to the economy but as Bank Rate approaches zero, further reductions are likely to be less effective in terms of the impact on market interest rates, demand and inflation. And interest rates cannot be less than zero. The MPC therefore needs to provide further stimulus to support demand in the wider economy. If spending on goods and services is too low, inflation will fall below its target. The MPC boosts the supply of money by purchasing assets like Government and corporate bonds a policy often known as Quantitative Easing. Instead of lowering Bank Rate to increase the amount of money in the economy, the Bank supplies extra money directly. This does not involve printing more banknotes. Instead the Bank pays for these assets by creating money electronically and crediting the accounts of the companies it bought the assets from. This extra money supports more spending in the economy to bring future inflation back to the target

Ayashi no Ceres :: essays research papers

Ayashi No Ceres (Suspicious Ceres)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aya Mikage and Aki Mikage are hanging out with their friends and they make Aya go and get her fortune told. Her fortune is about how when she turns 16, her life will be turned upside down and a dark star will effect her fate. She doesn’t know what the woman was talking about but she was right. Then when they are walking across a bridge a man steals an old lady’s purse and Aya runs after the man. When she gets the purse she falls over the edge of the bridge and then is saved by a mysterious force. The night before her and Aki’s birthday their parents tell them that they are to come straight home from school because they’re going to their grandpa’s house to celebrate their birthday. When Aki and Aya arrive their whole family is there and they are all sitting around a table. A man gives them a box and Aya is cautious in opening it. Aki takes it from her and opens it. Once he does Aya feels a mysterious presence over her and then she sees images in her head. Once she comes to, she looks at Aki and he’s shaking. Then he gets a bunch of slashes all over his skin and he’s bleeding everywhere. The test that Aya’s family put her up to is true. The celestial being named Ceres is in Aya. The rest of the family leaves and Aya and her grandpa and her father are still in the room. Aya’s father is suppose to shoot her, yet as he struggles, he tells her to fight her fate and her grandpa’s hit man shoots her father in the head. Aya screams and Ceres takes over her body and kills almost everyone in the room with a large energy blast. Aya doesn’t remember what happens and wakes up in a tree. Tooya, a man who saved her from getting hit by a car, finds her there and kisses her to stop her from screaming when hit men are walking around looking for Aya to kill her. Suzumi sends her brother-in-law, Yuuhi to go and get Aya. He does and Yuuhi brings her back to the Aogiri household. Suzumi e xplains to Aya what’s going on. Aya is of the bloodline that has a Tennyo (Angel/Fairy) blood. She tells how the Mikage have killed countless women in the family who show signs of Ceres being in them.

Encourage Foreigners to Invest in Philippine Real Estate Market

Topic: Encourage Foreigners to Invest in Philippine Real Estate Market Real estate business is a very lucrative and capital intensive venture. It is not for just any one, but only for those who have financial capacity and willingness to buy real properties. Real property may come in the form of buy and sell, or merely renting and make money out of it. Known as one of the most vibrant real estate markets in Asia, the Philippines growing economy consistently sustained its growth despite the global economic recession. The country's real estate industry has been receiving positive remarks from various analysts across the globe.The reflection of its success, mainly rooted to the country's excellent financing services, good capitalization and pro-business climate drives every real estate investors to provide the best real estate solutions for needs of the market. The real estate industry has been increasing year on year and this is characterized by the dynamic growth and upsurge of condomi nium development across Metro Manila. This growth is fuelled by the increasing overseas Filipino workers remittances as well as new investors who take advantage of the benefits of the low interest rates in the housing market.The influx of condominium development across Metro Manila also validates the soaring demand for residential options, which is between renting an apartment and owning a home in the city. Various innovative unit designs and concepts are being offered in the market to suit current trends in housing and lifestyle preferences of today’s market. This increasing realtors’ confidence to Philippine real estate industry is brought by the improving economy, implementation of good governance among private and public sectors, and the reform inspired government of the new administration.Presently, the real estate market is banking on two major components: (1) remittances of overseas Filipino workers and (2) continuous growth demand by the expanding business proc ess outsourcing industry in the country. Aside from having an investment that never depreciate, investing in real estate in the Philippines would give foreigners additional investment portfolio in a much lower cost compared if they invest it in their own land. The cost of living in the Philippines is relatively lower compared to other nations, and therefore, foreigners can have more value for their money, which in turn increases their investment opportunities.That would be considered â€Å"hitting two birds with one stone†. The economic outlook on the Philippine real estate market is seen to be growing, and it will continue to grow in the next five to ten years brought by the ensuing business process outsourcing industry. BPO is becoming one of the primary sources of income of the young working population in the country today. Owning/Investing Options for Foreigners Any foreigner can lease, buy and own with 100% ownership rights on condominium units only.As far as the law is concerned, every piece of land of the Philippines is for the Filipino only. For investment purposes, foreigners may also lease or buy building offices for business purposes, like those being rented out to others. In as much as there are limitations being followed by foreigners when investing the Philippine real estate market, there are also ways on how they can easily own one. (1) Lease a property – foreigners can lease a property from short to long-term as long as both parties to contract mutually agree. Leased properties may be subleased to other tenants.This form of business operation may be considered as legal operation and foreigners can take advantage of. (2) Be married to a Philippine citizen – once a foreigner is married to a Philippine citizen, the rights to own a land becomes a conjugal. It may seem to be the fastest and least cost among other options. (3) Inherit the property from a deceased Philippine spouse – once married, but suddenly the Philippin e citizen spouse died. In this situation, the foreigner spouse together with the other surviving heirs; will be the immediate heir and owner of the property left behind. 4) Purchase land as Balikbayan – some Filipinos who have stayed abroad and eventually availed of another citizenship, may still buy and own properties. It is also possible to own property if the parents or relatives wanted to transfer their property ownership to a Balikbayan. (5) Buy condominium units – foreigners can buy condominium units, in the same way as a Philippine citizen acquires condominium unit. Some foreigners can also do trading of condominium units. They can do buy and sell business operation, wherein they will buy a barely finished unit, dress it up and fill with furnitures, and sell at a premium or lease it out. 6) Form a corporation – this option opens the opportunity for foreigners to invest in land, but, it is a must, that the corporation be composed of at least 60% Filipino a nd only 40% for foreigners. The majority stakeholder should still be Filipinos. After enumerating the ways on how foreigners can invest in the Philippine real estate market, it is imperative for them to know the basic information and obligations when investing in real property. First thing is the preparation for tax obligations. Non-resident foreigners who acquire property may be assessed with 5% – 32% of taxes, depending on the nature of the transaction.Another consideration is the documentary requirements necessary for the processing of transferring of ownership to a foreign national. There are documents that need to be authenticated by the Philippine Consulate from their country. Overview of the Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) The efforts of passing the REIT Law will open another medium for foreigners’ opportunity to invest in the Philippine real estate market. REIT is defined as a corporation engaged in business whose income will be generated from owning or man aging real estate.Through this REIT, the country will be given a better and bigger opportunity to join the global market of real estate investment markets, and foreigners can take their part in. Since it is not yet passed as law, the regulations, rules and limitations are still unknown. Another positive contributor to success of the real estate sector is the proliferation of establishment of special economic zones across the country. The government provides incentives to companies who patronize economic zones, and this attracts more foreign corporate clients and brings their business process outsourcing facilities here.

Capital City Bank Case Analysis Essay

Capital City Bank (CCB) was a medium sized commercial bank owned by a small group of shareholders. Its total employee force numbered nearly 1,000 personnel. Because of the company’s poor performance in recent years, the owners decided to sell their equity to a group of new investors who felt that CCB could be turned around with more aggressive management. The transfer of ownership of the bank was followed by basic changes in bank strategy as well as changes in many key personnel, many of them at the top level. The basic changes implemented by the new management of CCB included a more active pursuit of foreign financing activities as well as a heightened emphasis on lending activities to large corporate accounts. To better implement these changes in basic strategy, CCB was reorganized. NEW ORGANIZATION The reorganization of the bank involved the creation of two new divisions, namely, the Corporate Banking Division and the Trust Division (See Exhibit A). The Corporate Banking Division was given the responsibility of marketing the different loans of the company to large domestic corporations, multinational corporations, as well as to the medium sized companies which had been the traditional clients of the bank. A wide range of credit lines were offered to these accounts such as Direct Advance Line, Import Letters of Credit, Export Bill Purchases Line, Export Packing Credit Line, Domestic Bills Purchase Line, and others. Mr. Vicente Torres, a new recruit from a similar department in another bank in Metro Manila, headed this new division. The Trust Division was charged with undertaking trust services for individual and business clients. A major service assigned to this division was the Common Trust Fund. This involved the pooling of funds drawn from various participants, investing this fund in safe and high yielding investments, and  sharing the returns from the investments among the participants in proportion to the amounts contributed by each. The Trust Division was however to perform only the investment function. The marketing of this service to corporate and individual accounts was entrusted to the Branch Division. The latter also marketed the services of ten branches of the bank located around Metro Manila. THE DEPOSIT DRIVE As a corollary to aggressive selling the various lending and trust services of the CCB, bank management also decided to undertake an effort to increase savings and other deposits in the bank. A deposit drive was launched involving all the employees of the company. A set of rules was drawn up such that all departments and sections of the bank, regardless of whether they performed marketing functions or not, were given points for new deposits brought in to the bank. The drive was to last for six months and the winners would be awarded attractive prizes and bonuses. THE ORIENTAL ACCOUNT Towards the end of the year, one of the account officers of the Banking Division approached Oriental Company with an offer for working capital loan. Because Oriental had been banking with CCB for nearly a year, the account officer offered a P10 million working capital loan to Oriental at 18% rate of interest – at the time considered a â€Å"good† rate for favored accounts. Oriental considered to take advantage of the favorable interest rate offered and availed of the loan. Shortly thereafter, the Branch Marketing group decided to solicit the same account for the Common Trust Fund of the Trust Division. To attract Oriental to participate in the fund, they offered Oriental a 19% return for a P10 million 60-day placement with the Trust Division. The Finance Manager of Oriental was surprised at the disparity between the bank’s lending and deposit rates but decided to take advantage of the Branch Marketing Group’s offer by making the P10 million placement with the Trust Division. It was not until later in the year that Vicente Torres discovered the odd situation with Oriental. He called the manager of the Branch Marketing Group and asked â€Å"How could you allow your traders to offer a higher rate than our lending rate to Oriental? We not only lose money but we also look very foolish to our clients!† The Branch Marketing Group Manager replied that neither she nor her traders knew that the Banking Division had lent to Oriental at 18%. QUESTIONS: What were the causes of the â€Å"odd† situation in the case? THE NUMBER ONE CAUSE FOR THE â€Å"ODD† SITUATION IN THIS CASE IS THAT BRANCH MARKETING GROUP SOLICITED A CORPORATE ACCOUNT FOR A RETAIL ACCOUNT. IF THEY HAD WANTED TO OFFER THE PRODUCT COMMON TRUST FUND TO THE CLIENT, IT SHOULD HAVE BEEN COURSED THROUGH THE BANKING DIVISION WHO MAINLY TAKES CARE AND HANDLES CORPORATE CLIENTS. THE ERROR OCCURRED WHEN RETAIL BANKING SOLICITED A CORPORATE CLIENT. THIS SHOULD HAVE BEEN REFERRED TO THE ACCOUNT OFFICER HANDLING THIS PARTICULAR CORPORATE CLIENT. What should CCB management do to avoid similar problems in the future? THERE SHOULD BE DELINEATION OF DEPARTMENTS AND THEIR SCOPE. RETAIL BANKING DIVISION WHICH IS PRIMARILY THE BRANCH, SHOULD NOT SOLICIT ACCOUNTS BEING HANDLED BY THE CORPORATE DIVISION (BANKING DIVISION). RETAIL BANKING DIVISION SHOULD CONCENTRATE PRIMARILY ON RETAIL CLIENTS EVEN IF A CORPORATE CLIENT HAS AN ACCOUNT IN THE BRANCH. CORPORATE CLIENTS ARE HANDLED BY ACCOUNT OFFICERS. A CIRCULAR/MEMO SHOULD BE ISSUED STRESSING THE HANDLING OF CORPORATE AND RETAIL CLIENTS. NEW ORGANIZATION OF CAPITAL CITY BANK

A Sample Position Paper

A SAMPLE POSITION PAPER Globalization: A Transition to What? Barber, Benjamin R. Introduction to Jihad vs. McWorld (New York: Ballantine Books, 1996) Kobrin, Stephen J. â€Å"Back to the Future: Neomedievalism and the Postmodern Digital World Economy,† Globalization and Governance (London: Routledge, 1999. After the bloody clashes between anti-globalization protesters and the police in Genoa, globalization is once again on the world's agenda and it is here to stay. A dream to some and a nightmare to others, globalization is a widely debated issue among journalists and scholars, among intellectuals of all profiles, business people and decision-makers alike. Benjamin R. Barber, Walt Whitman professor of political science, and Stephen J. Kobrin, professor of multinational management, both join the discussion, each giving his own vision of what the post-modern future of this globalized world might look like. In â€Å"Jihad vs. McWorld† Barber's fragmented and at the same time integrated world is â€Å"terminally post-democratic† (20). It is pulled apart by two opposing forces: disintegrating ethnic hatreds and unifying mechanisms of global economy, none of which cares much for civic society and civil liberties. In Barber's terminology Jihad stands for the blind parochialism of any kind, but primarily for tribal instincts that tear countries apart and cause bloody wars. McWorld epitomizes the world of consumerist capitalism unified by commerce, entertainment and consumerism that knows no borders. Although Jihad seems like a more obvious threat to democracy, McWorld is no less dangerous because both are enemies of the sovereign nation states and of democracy. Barber warns that democracy might be collateral damage from the confrontation between globalization and parochial fragmentation. While Barber is primarily interested in the fate of democracy, Kobrin gives a great deal of attention to the problem of state sovereignty in the increasingly integrated world. In â€Å"Back to the Future: Neomedievalism and the Postmodern Digital World Economy† the key issue is the anticipated transformation of state sovereignty into new forms of political loyalty. Kobrin argues that sovereign state as we know it-firmly defined within certain territorial borders-is about to change profoundly, if not to wither away. National markets are too small to be self-sustainable which challenges the meaning of territorial boundaries between states. Both authors acknowledge that sovereignty, defined as unambiguous authority, is threatened. Whereas Barber finds that alarming, Kobrin takes this as a historical inevitability; modern state system, based on mutually exclusive jurisdiction, may be an anomaly rather than a historically privileged form of political organizations. Kobrin argues that we should look at the medieval world for the answers to how the future might look like. Medieval analogy offers a world of overlapping multiple authorities and absence of fixed boundaries. It is a world of multiple political loyalties-to emperors, to the pope, to feudal lords-which are complex rather than linear. Kobrin's modern analogy is European Union, with its overlap of national, regional and supra-national authorities. The medieval metaphor seems attractive, but Kobrin forgets that the world of the Middle Ages was highly decentralized rather than unified, and in that sense radically different from our own. Medieval feuds, as economic units, were self-sufficient and isolated-everything that modern markets are not. Kobrin himself argues that the integrated economy requires a strong central authority, perhaps not yet in the form of world government but certainly through stronger international organizations such as WTO. Clearly, this is a different kind of authority than a pope or an emperor might have had in medieval world. Is medieval analogy applicable at all? If we follow Kobrin's reasoning, it appears that the new world will require more rather than less authority. Nation-state's sovereignty may be eroding, but, as a result, we have an increasing supra-national authority instead of a loose authority of the medieval type. Barber, on the other hand, may be launching an artificial dichotomy. While McWorld sounds like an apt metaphor for globalization, Jihad seems to be a superficial, emotionally charged term with multiple meanings. Barber draws on Yeats and Mary Shelly to define this â€Å"heritage of race,† the force of tribal instincts, ancient hatreds, and fundamentalism. Although doubtless poetic, the concept of Jihad, as described by Barber, is confusing. He takes a few examples of ethnic conflict, such as Bosnia or Rwanda, and declares they are but a manifestation of the tribalisation phenomenon, but he does little to support his thesis. Did Bosnia really fall apart because of ancient, tribal hatreds? Barber overlooks the fact that peoples of Bosnia have been living peacefully with one another much longer than they have waged wars. Reducing complex conflicts to an oversimplified, poorly defined phenomenon such as Jihad helps Barber support his shaky Jihad-McWorld dichotomy but does little to persuade the reader that Jihad exists as such. Barber's and Kobrin's views seem diametrically opposite whereas it may simply be that they are considering different issues. There is little common ground between them in terms of problems they are interested in. They both take McWorld for granted, though. Neither challenges globalization nor tries to imagine the world as something other than globalized, digital, and integrated. Even Barber who laments over the destructiveness of Jihad admits that McWorld is the winner in the long run. Although they have different agendas, they are telling essentially one and the same thing-the future belongs to McWorld. What with democracy, Barber asks? Everyone will be a consumer, but what will happen to citizens? For Kobrin, however, the problem does not exist; just as we have civil societies within states today, in the future they will be replaced by global civil society with its mixture of state and non-state actors, NGOs, transnational movements. Are Barber and Kobrin debating at all? Their visions of the world in the future are not mutually exclusive. Barber comes up with a bold notion that not even nations constitute main players today, but tribes. His description of balkanization, tribalization and awakening of atavistic forces among peoples evokes images of dark Middle Ages. Barber warns that our civilization is beginning to resemble medieval past in which the world consisted of warring fiefdoms unified by Christianity; in our world, Bosnian Serbs and alike wage their ethnic conflicts while both the aggressors and the victims eat the same BigMacs, wear jeans and watch MTV. It seems that he is also looking at the world through medieval prism, albeit from its dark side. It is precisely the dark side that Kobrin avoids confronting. He is intentionally focused on the practicalities of managing the world in the future so he lefts out of the picture the unpleasant details. Fragmentation is one of the issues that he chooses not to consider although he acknowledges that some authors, such as Kaplan offer a less optimistic vision of the world torn by refugee migration, private armies, collapse of nation state and civil order with it. Kobrin's only response to this grim prophecy is little more than hope: â€Å"One hopes that such an age is not part of the neomedieval metaphor, hat a new and more terrifying barbarian is not on the horizon† (183). Walled communities and private security forces that he admits appear increasingly today could be, Kobrin still hopes, only â€Å"ephemeral products of a world in transition and not a permanent characteristic of the postmodern era† (183). Barber, Benjamin R. Introduction to Jihad vs. McWorld (New York: Ballantine Books, 1996) Kobrin, Stephen J. â€Å"Back to the Future: Neomedievalism and the Postmodern Digital World Economy,† Globalization and Governance (London: Routledge, 1999.

Evaluation on the Validity of the Claim That American Public Education Essay

Evaluation on the Validity of the Claim That American Public Education Has Been Consistently Lowering Its Standards and Expectations - Essay Example According to the survey conducted by ‘The National Assessment of Educational Progress’ (NAEP), the result known as â€Å"Nation’s Report Card,† depicted the positive outcomes of the students belonging to 4th, 8th and 12th grade standard on an international basis. Whereas, in contrast to the reports that presented by NAEP, it can be viewed that the scores of the US were much of lower standard in the worldwide context (Gropman, â€Å"Waning Education Standards Threaten U.S. Competitiveness†; Alexander and Leticia 325-327). It has been further argued that the aspect of ‘Downward Mobility’ is haunting the education system of America. The students in the US are avoiding in attending schools and colleges with a fear that their juniors possessing greater education background will be much more educated as compared to them. Further details on the argument for the stand i.e. ‘American Public Education’ is getting consistently lowered in terms of its standards along with expectations have been cited with certain valued observations. For instance, Andreas Schleicher, who is regarded as a special advisor related to education at ‘Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’ (OECD) proclaims that "It's something of great significance because much of today's economic power of the United States rests on a very high degree of adult skills - and that is now at risk," (Coughlan â€Å"Downward mobility haunts US education†). This reflects a clear picture about the prevailing education system of America. In support of the argument, the survey report of OECD revealed that the young adults are being more educated than their parents based on the ratio of 1:5. According to the viewpoints of Miles... This paper stresses that it will be a fallacy to judge the failure of American Public education system due to the persistence of various dissimilar viewpoints about the concerned subject matter. It is the result of the series of activities and the political interferences that eventually deprived the public education system of America from being flourished. In the study, it has been argued that racial discrimination, depriving the middle-class families, inequality and rise in the education expenditures are few of the reasons that contributed in consistent failure of American public education system in terms of lowering its standards along with expectations. The author of the paper talks his own oppinion on the problem of American public education which based system have not declined in recent days. There are several governmental policies levied upon the education sector, proving the effectiveness of the American public education system. It is the teachers who play an effective role in determining the development of education system of any nation. This report makes a conclusion that on contrary to the failure of the American public education system, the government is taking initiatives to implement changed rules and policies for improving the same. Furthermore, it has been viewed from the study that public education system of the US greatly affects five vital security fronts that comprise economic growth along with competitiveness, physical safety of the nation, US global awareness and US unity along with cohesion. Thus, it is necessary for the US government to formulate policies on immediate basis to develop the existing public education system of America.

Alcon technology infrastructure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Alcon technology infrastructure - Essay Example The IT setup within the Alcan foundation was not integrated. Every department had an IT setup and rules of its own. It was therefore highly impossible for the higher management to approximate clearly the total amount that was being spent annually at the overall IT infrastructure. For certain departments IT costs were being recorded in the operating expenses for that department instead of being signified under their own respective head. This eventually resulted in the misinterpretation of the actual figures on the macro level. As a result when the top management did not get an idea of the actual expenses they did not a lot the actually required funds to the respective departments. Monitoring of IT activities was impossible owing to the fact that since they were being categorized under multiple heads at the human resource level, it was impossible to single them out and monitor them. The haphazardness of resources and the inconsistent allocation of resources had enabled rise in the need of outsourcing since none of the processes were properly synchronized within departments of the organization. A single organizational environment contained consultation with over 1000 distinct information systems. The implementation of even the simplest of information systems became very costly this way because of absence of integration among organizational departments. A committee was formed which was responsible for handling the communication requirements of individuals. The directors of each department got a chance to propose their thoughts to the committee which was then supposed to pass it forward to the executive leadership. While the changes seemed quick and promising this view was mainly being captured from the upper management level. There was a high possibility that the changes that the human resource and the lower management were being made to go through were not very welcome by them. There was a high possibility that the existing low level

Integrated Case Study Analysis (Prediction markets at Google). Order

Integrated Analysis (Prediction markets at Google). Order 1111879 - Case Study Example It also aims to find if the product will be successful in the market. The case study actually involves the idea of Bo Cowgill, who is an employee of Google, who joined Google in 2003 after finishing his undergraduate degree in public policy in Stanford. The basic aim of the project was to find improved ways to utilize the huge amount of information, which was at the disposal of the company. Friedrich Hayek and the Iowa Electronic Markets had tried to harness this potential amount but had failed initially to implement this idea. The main problem identified in the employees was the lack of non-monetory motivation. The employees were not interested in earning extra money but wanted to be recognised in the organisation. Thus the HR aspect of Maslow’s Heirarchy of needs can be identified as one of the main issue in this case study. Another issue that cropped up was the high involvement of the employees in the prediction market that hampered the work output of the employees. The report is case analysis based on the prediction market of Google. In the case study, there are several problems related to different domains of management and those have been identified in order to come up with a suitable solution. The different problems identified have been segregated into different parts pertaining to their respective domains such as marketing, finance, human resource, etc. In the end, each of the problems have been analysed in order to find an appropriate solution for each of them. All these solutions have been discussed keeping in mind the success of Google Prediction Markets (GPM) as an effective product for the general public at large. The case study is an in depth discussion of the Google Prediction markets from the origin of the idea and the implementation of the concept into a successful product. We are all aware of Google Prediction market or the idea of a prediction market in general. They are very similar to stock market where there is the

Definition of the words Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Definition of the words - Assignment Example The Painting is part of Church in Convent of Santa Maria in Milan (Ladwein, 13). It has an historic precedence to the times of Jesus Christ, exactly on the evening where Jesus along with his followers shared a dinner. Stage: Stage is that part of the theater where the actors perform their roles. Stage can be arranged and organized in multiple ways, with curtain covering the backend unit. Stage is mounted part of theater that is visible from all angles of the theater. Semiotics: Semiotics/ Semiology is a theory, and philosophy related to the study of signs and signals. In art it is the deciphering of the message from the silent image that may not be clearly evident and comprehendible to the ordinary observation. It is the study of art and architecture in form of the signals and signs interpretation. Fresco: A specialized form of painting that is performed over the fresh plaster. It is associated with the mural form of painting. Water colors are used over the wet plaster which later on dries up to hold their shape and design. Perspective: A technique in drawing and design, in which multiple parallel lines are shown to converge. It embodies the 2-D image on a 2-D frame . Linear and aerial perspectives are two predominant patterns used in this regard. The pioneers of this art are Leon Baptista Alberti and Filippo

Bank of America Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bank of America - Assignment Example MBNA is the largest player in the credit industry worldwide. By acquiring MBNA, the Board of Bank of America would be able o acquire a majority market share of 20.2% in the $1.2 trillion credit card business. For this reason, the Board of America has taken a strategic decision to buy out MBNA for $35 billion. The advantages of the acquisition include access to a large share of the worldwide credit card markets (Kumar, 2012, p.37). The Bank of America could make use of its large network of 5800 branches in the US for providing financial services. The customer portfolio of MBNA also comprises of low risk borrowers which would be advantageous for the bank of America. The buyout also involves certain disadvantages. The buy out decision of MBNA has come at a time when the credit card market is saturated and there is a turn-around in the consumer behavior in the credit cards industry. Thus the growth prospects of venturing into the credit card business are likely to be decided with time. . .. Considering the slow down of the credit card business, the shareholders would still expect the bank to leverage on the resources of MBNA. The shareholders view this buyout to have been taken place at a higher value than the market price. The acquisition of MBNA by the Bank of America would tend to kill the competition in the market and the Bank of America would increase its market share. The vigorous strategies of American Express by persuading banks to advise customers to use their credit cards could also be challenged and the Bank of America is likely to move to the higher position in terms of market capitalization (WetFeet, 2008, p.46). An increase in the gamut of financial services would make the shareholders believe that the company is looking to expand its operations and the volume of revenues and earnings would also tend to increase. A high earning for the Bank of America after the buyout and exploring the potentials of the credit card business would mean that the earnings per share for the shareholders would increase. The dividend payout of the bank is also likely to increase and it is viewed positively by the shareholders. The shareholders also foresee a rise in valuation of the shares due to the strategic buyout of MBNA by the Bank of America (Kunitzky, 2010, p.78). Perspective of the shareholders of MBNA The shareholders of MBNA were supposed to be skeptical about the future of business of credit cards of MBNA. This is due to the facts that the credit market has saturated at this point of time and there is change in the consumer behavior in the credit card industry. Due to huge competition in the credit card market, the consumers expect a term of

All About Vertical Motion Essay Example for Free

All About Vertical Motion Essay Hey! I know the vertical motion model can be hard, but once you get the hang of it, it’s a piece of cake. Math is all about using your prior knowledge, plugging it into what you know, to solve for what you don’t know. The vertical motion model is made up of the velocity, and height. The equation is -16t2 + vt + h. V is equivalent to the velocity, and h is equal to the height. The vertical motion falls under the influence of gravity. As the force due to gravity may be opposite to the direction of motion, there exists the possibility that the body under force of gravity reverses its direction. It is, therefore, important to understand that the quantities involved in the equations of motion may evaluate to positive or negative values with the exception of time (t). We must appropriately assign sign to various inputs that goes into the equation and correctly interpret the result with reference to the assumed positive direction. Further, some of them evaluate to two values one for one direction and another of reversed direction. The problem I created was based on Hope Solo and her soccer skills. Hope kicks the ball back at an initial height of 3 feet, and a vertical velocity at 20 feet per second. The equation to this problem would be h(t)= -16t2 + 20t + 3. This shows how 20 would be the velocity, and 3 would be the initial height. The problem would ask us for the equation, time the ball would hit the ground in seconds, time the ball was in the air at 5ft, and the maximum height of the ball. In order to find at what time the ball would hit the floor, we need to find zero in the calculator. First step into solving this problem is plugging in the equation into the calculator. You will the need to find zero under the x-axis, in trace zero. The calculator will ask you for left and right bound. The ball would then hit the ground at 1.4 seconds. Next, the problem asked for the time the ball hit 5 ft. The steps to make in the calculator is trace, value, and x=5 ft. The calculator would then find the time in seconds when the ball was 5 feet in the air. The ball was at 1.14 seconds when the ball hit 5 feet in the air. The problem also asked for maximum height. In order to find maximum height, you must go to trace, maximum, and the calculator would then ask you for left and right bound. If instructions are don’t correctly, the maximum height would be 9.25 feet. DeVon hits a baseball into the air with an initial vertical velocity of 60 feet per second and an initial height of 3 feet. Will Devon’s baseball clear a 60-foot brick wall 2 seconds after the ball was hit? In order to solve this problem, we must find the height the ball reaches at 2 seconds in the air. In order to do that, we must hit trace, value, and enter x=2. It then came to show that the ball reached 59 feet in 2 seconds. This proved that the ball will not pass 60 feet at 2 seconds. This makes sense because I know that the maximum height the ball reaches is 59.2 feet. 59.2 feet is lower than 60 feet. Therefore, the ball reaching 59 feet at 2 seconds does make sense. The ball was to go over the brick fence at 60 feet, but its highest peak is at 59.2. So, at no point in time will the ball reach over the 60 foot fence. In conclusion, Math is all about using your prior knowledge, plugging it into what you know, to solve for what you don’t know. The vertical motion model is made up of the velocity, and height. The equation is -16t2 + vt + h. V is equivalent to the velocity, and h is equal to the height. The vertical motion falls under the influence of gravity. As the force due to gravity may be opposite to the direction of motion, there exists the possibility that the body under force of gravity reverses its direction. It is, therefore, important to understand that the quantities involved in the equations of motion may evaluate to positive or negative values with the exception of time (t). We must appropriately assign sign to various inputs that goes into the equation and correctly interpret the result with reference to the assumed positive direction. Further, some of them evaluate to two values one for one direction and another of reversed direction. The vertical motion model is real life sci ence and math. it works for any object that is effected by gravity. Michelle Villanueva G.R.A.S.P Goal; height at 2 seconds in the air Required; h(t)= -16t2 + 60t + 3 Analyze; value; 2 seconds X min; -10 Y-min; -50 X-max; 10 Y-max; 90 scl; 1 scl; 10 Solve; The ball will not reach 60 ft. at 2 seconds. It will reach 59 ft. at 2 seconds. Paraphrase; The ball will not reach 60 ft. at 2 seconds because the maximum height is 59.2. Therefore, if the ball’s highest point is 59.2, it can never reach 60 ft.

E Governance Research Paper

E Governance Research Paper E-governance means electronic governance. It is application of Information Technology in government functioning in order to have good and smart governance. Smart here refers to Simple, Moral, Accountable, Responsive and Transparent. This involves using information and communication technology by government agencies to have transparent dealings with different users. Thereare many reasons for which e governance is required. Some of them are as follows: (a) Information exchange with citizens, businesses or other government departments (b) Speedy way of doing work (c) Time and cost saving (d) Efficient delivery of public services (e) Improving internal controls (f) Increasing revenue (g) Re-structuring of administrative processes (h) Providing quality services Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has provided means for faster and better communication, quality services, efficient storage, effective work, processing of data and exchange and utilization of information to its users. It helps in providing better controls and increasing revenue. All individuals, groups, businesses, organizations or governments are benefited by the advantages of ICT. It is a faster, more accurate and simpler means of word-processing and is now being used as a tool for tabulating data which finally helps in decision making. With increasing awareness of using computers and internet many users are benefited and they are motivated to modify their ways of doing things in order to en-cash the advantages provided by ICT.This has led to re-engineering of business processes. The process of re-engineering helps in faster and better processing of information and thus a better decision making, greater reach and better utilization of resources .This helps in having overall good governance. In the case of citizens, it provides enhanced access to information and government agencies, efficient service delivery and transparency in dealings and also acts as an information tool to the government.With the increasing awareness among citizens about their rights their expectation has totally changed .Today they expect government agencies to be transparent in their dealings, accountable for its activities and faster in its responses. For this use of ICT helps in achieving good governance. The technologies used helps in achieving a wide range of objectives. There is equitableand faster development with a wider reach. Today Ethics in Governance, with the help of tools of modern technology such as Information and Communications Technology (ICT) should be used to transform the relationship of the government with its employees, citizens and businesses, and also between its own agencies. It has been recognised that e-Governance is the logical step with the use of ICT in systems of governance in order to ensure wider participation and deeper involvement of citizens, institutions, civil society groups and the private sector in the decision making process of governance. REQUISITES OF E GOVERNANCE For effective e governance the foremost requirement is that workplace has to be fully computerized.Computer is the mostImportant requirement for e governance.Computers should be connected so that online work is possible.There has to be some online work flow procedure. Government employees should be trained so that they can work on the software. The training is required so that they become user friendly with the software. Services should be fully accessible. It also insist in removing the paper based system and making everything computerized to increase the transparency of work and a speedy flow of work is possible. TYPES OF INTERACTIONS IN E GOVERNANCE G2G (Government to Government) In this case, there is interaction within government agencies to improve the efficiency and overall output. The interaction can be within a government organisation or between two government organisations. Information and Communications Technology helps not only to restructure the governmental processes involved in the functioning of government entities but also aids in increasing the flow of information and services within and between different entities. The interactions can be either vertical or horizontal. Horizontal i.e. between different government agencies as well as between different functional areas within an organisation and vertical i.e. between national, provincial and local government agencies .There is also interactions between different levels within an organisation. The primary objective of G2G is to increase efficiency, performance and output. May be horizontal or vertical Functioning of government agencies Increase in efficiency Improved performance Efficient output G2C (Government to Citizens) In this case, there is an interaction between government and citizen. A common platform is created between the government and citizens which enables the citizens to benefit from large range of public services. This provides the availability and accessibility of public services on the one hand and improves the quality of services on the other.Here is a two way communication model in which there are direct interactions between government and citizens involving transparent dealings between the parties. It gives citizens the choice of when to interact with thegovernment (e.g. 24 hours a day, 7 days a week), from where to interact with the government (e.g. service centre, unattended kiosk or from ones home/workplace) and how to interact with the government (e.g. through internet, fax, telephone, email, face-to-face, etc). The primary purpose is to make government, citizen-friendly. Acts as an interface between govt. and consumer Expands accessibility to public services Makes the government citizen friendly Ensure transparent dealings Examples of G2C Transactions: Online paying of bills Filing of FIR Licensing and registration Procurement and Bidding Tax and fee payments Citizen help desk Public Information network Search property assessment values Property tax payments Information about political processes and services E seva Exemplifies democracy Increased citizen participation Passport queries G2B (Government to Business) In this model there is interaction between government agency and business organisations. E-Governance tools are used to help the business community providers of goods and services interact with the government. The objective is to cut red tapism, save time, reduce operational costs, increase revenues and to create a more transparent business environment when dealing with the government. The G2Binitiatives can be transactional, such as in licensing, permits, procurement and revenue collection. Trade, tourism and investment opportunities can be effectively handled with e governance . These measures help to provide a suitable environment to businesses and thus enable them to perform more efficiently. E governance used to aid business community Saves time Reduces cost Transparent transaction deals Increase revenue Example: 1. Payment of taxes by business houses 2. Tender applications are transparent If any business house has applied for a brand name it can also be monitored online and status can easily be known. There can be transparent dealings in all tenders and different government works. G2E (Government to Employees) In this model there is an interaction between government organisation and employees. Employees can interact with the government in regular basis. The interaction can even be vertical where the employees can give feedback at the assurance of their name held anonymous. Today through e governance they can also have a look at their TDS and pay roll status. E governance provides them with a common platform to remove their queries and thus giving an effective performance. This interaction is a two-way process between the organisation and the employee. Use of ICT tools helps in making these interactions fast and efficient on the one hand and increase satisfaction levels of employees on the other. Facilitate government and employee communication Fast and Efficient Increases satisfaction of employees Synergy in work output Removal of bias Implementation of e governance in India Indian government has taken many initiatives in the field of IT for the desired implementation of e governance in India. The plan popularly known as the E governance action plan correctly portrays the long term growth action plan for India. Its successful implementation was seen during the period of 2003-2007. It provided both the citizen centric and the business centric governance all together at the local, state and the national level. It was a good kick start an many flaws were seen thereto such as suitable system for quickly motivating the states needs to be improved, a single window for providing services to the citizens should be implemented, whether and whenever possible outsourcing of services should be implemented for quicker growth perspectives, more efforts were required to stabilize and increase the public private partnerships, improved connectivity was required. Such flaws were thoroughly noted and improved thereon. Apart from the 2003-2007 action plans, many other plans were successfully implemented. Some were: Implementation of Information Technology Act, 2000 .It helped in providing the legal framework for all the electronic transactions. The act came into force on 17 October, 2000. National Taskforce for Information Technology and Software development was established in the year 1998. Centre for E governance was created for successful linkage of the local, state and he national level and so that efficient help could be made disposable at all ends. e office was established so that offices , ministries , departments and authorities could be electronically connected. HPC i.e. the High Powered Committee was created with the cabinet secretary made its head for the successful implementation of e governance. A Joint Secretary level Officer as the IT manager was appointed in every Ministry and Department. Websites for all Ministries and Authorities was developed for the wide coverage and availability of E governance. One can surely say that E governance has been successfully implemented in India. A lot more needs to be achieved in this respective area. Majority of the states are implementing E governance in their working. They are making a collaborative effort in shifting from the manual working model to the electronic working model. It can be inferred that more of the planned implementation of IT is what the need of the hour. More of powerful, efficient, quicker strategies may be drawn for a powerful implementation of E governance. Success of E governance in India India as a country is majorly built on Bureaucratic structures which are built in rationale principles and therefore is definitely failing ti cope up with the present scenario. Therefore a shift from such traditional practices to the complete new electronic world was definitely requires. E governance plays the major role for the implementation of such paradigm shift toward the module of E governance which itself holds as one of the major reasons for its success. Now we have single window operations, more simplified procedures, a better office and record management, less corruption, better job and position handling. The service delivery mechanisms have considerably improved. We need not stand in long queues now, there is less of procedural complexities and the personnel working has considerably improved and has become more transparent. The reason behind such success is the successful implementation of the Information and the Communication Technology. The citizen has become more aware now. He is no longer a puppet in the hands of the government employees and has got a full right to question any kind of discrepancy. E governance is surely a success. A transparent government with a satisfied consumer is what E governance is responsible to produce. E governance in India has definitely given us such results to see which is a step ahead for a developing country like India. Major E-Governance Projects in India 1. Project Vidya Vahini :- Project Vidya Vahini is a project started by Government of India in collaboration with Shiksha India, a non profit organization launched in December 2001. Shiksha India was launched to equip Indian schools with 5 Cs: 1. Computers 2. Connectivity 3. Coaching (Teacher Training) 4. Content 5. Commercial sustainability models Project Vidya Vahini portal provides the opportunity for schools, teachers and students all across the nation, to express and share their creative and academic potential via the internet. The portal further aims at creating such an environment by providing facilities for Content Development, Content Deployment and collaboration. Further the mission of the project is to spread better education and uniform quality of education across India to develop the creativity and problem solving skills of the Indians. Shiksha further strives to increase the earning capacity, reduce information arbitrage in rural India and promote entrepreneurship by providing computer literacy. Shiksha India is also working in partnership with The Ministry of Information Technology in the project Vidya Vahini and Ministry of Human Resources under the CLASS scheme which aims to connect 60.000 schools (approximately 20 million students) across the country in next five years. End Users/Beneficiaries: Populace State where Implemented: Across India Website: http: www.vidyavahini.ernet.in/content/shiksha.htm 2. Project Stamps and Registration Software:- Project Stamps and Registration Software is one of its kinds of project started by the Government of Maharashtra. Generally the stamp and registration department of any state is the top revenue earner for any state government. The Stamp Registration software provides efficient government citizen interface, and also enables enhanced revenue earnings for the Stamps and Registration operation. The core of this application consists of the Registration and Valuation module. Other modules are the Networking and Scanning modules that enable exchange of information securely across departments, and electronic copying of the registered documents thereby enabling return of the original document within few minutes of presentation. The stipulated turnaround time is approximately 25 minutes; 15 minutes for registration and 10 minutes for scanning the document (Before getting computerized, it used to take many hours and sometimes days). The project after being successfully run for IGR, Maharashtra in Pune sites, is being proposed to be implemented in BOT (Build Operate Transfer) basis with participation from private parties. End Users/Beneficiaries: Populace State where Implemented: Maharashtra 3. Project Setu :- Project SETU was introduced by the government of MAHARASHTRA to felicitate the very basic need of the people and introduce a single window interaction of redressal of all their grievances. With the help of IT this single window interaction is made faster, convenient. The main objective of this project was to reduce the effort of the common man to obtain various certificates. Prior to implementation of this project, to obtain a certificate common man had to run from pillar to post of various government offices. This resulted in a lot of hardship. The Project Setu not only provided the users a one stop destination for a number of certificates but also a faster and a more transparent response to their problems. In the initial phase, this project was implemented in the big cities, after studying the response, the government is planning to implement this at taluka and subtaluka level. The Integrated Citizen Facilitation Centres (SETU) is to work on the basic needs of the citizens and reorienting our administrative processes accordingly. The aim is to lay the foundation for e-governance, create visible impact of the intention of the Government in this direction, and facilitate the interaction of the citizens with the Government to make it more transparent, pleasant and satisfying. To create foundation for citizen centric e-governance, at district headquarters subsequently at taluka headquarters Single window clearance of 83 important certificates (includes renewal of leases, permits licenses) Quick redressal of public grievances Common registry of letters, petitions for all sections of the office. On line pendency monitoring of all above To provide services after office hours on holidays also in order to save Time, Money Energy of the public. End Users/Beneficiaries: Populace State where Implemented: Maharashtra Website: http: http://setu.maharashtra.gov.in 4. Project Fast Transport Department Automated :- This project aims to curb the rampant corruption in the traffic department of the state. Project fast was started as a pilot project in three main cities namely Secunderabad, Vijayawada and Chittoor. Fast is the short form of Fully Automated Services of Transport aimed at providing a citizen friendly, corruption free and a prompt service related to traffic department like issue of driving license registration of motor vehicles. The objective of FAST is to make the transport department citizen friendly in its functioning and provide SMART services to the public. It is intended to build comprehensive database and provide on-line services to the public covering various services like Issue of Driving Licenses, Registration of Motor Vehicles, Issue Permits, Collection of Motor Vehicle Taxes, etc. All the RTO department would be linked to each other to felicitate better communication and all the offices in the state would have interconnectivity through APSWAN. The computerization process is planned to take place in two phases. In phase I, Regional Transport offices of Secunderabad, Vijayawada and Chittoor have been covered on pilot basis. The remaining offices are to be covered in the second phase. However, a less powerful central server is to be located at the office of the Transport Commissioner for the purpose of inter-connectivity between these three RTO offices. End Users/Beneficiaries: Populace State where Implemented: Andhra Pradesh Website: http: http: www.aptransport.org 5. Project Mudra :- MUDRA Municipal Corporation towards Digital Revenue administration. This project is intended to help Holding owners, Tax collectors, and officials at headquarter levels and Circle levels. This would help them to get a total picture of tax collector and would help them to make a better future decision. This project is designed to computerize the overall functions of tax collection system of Patna Municipal Corporation. Revenue management is the key to economic stability and development of urban infrastructure to help it to discharge its function properly and cater to the requirements of economic development. The basic objectives of this software, developed and implemented by NIC Bihar State Unit includes bringing improvement to the quality of service being offered to the citizens and at the same time, it will also become possible for the first time to track all kinds of defaulters on payment of taxes due. This will assist the Municipal Corporation in acting quickly and well in time and is expected to have a very positive impact on the total revenue that is currently being collected by the Municipal. End Users/Beneficiaries: Officials of Municipal Corporation State where Implemented: Bihar 6. Project Bhoomi :- This project was started by the govt. of Karnataka with an aim of benefiting the rural population of the state. As the name itself i.e. BHOOMI convey that, the project is related to land. This project came into existence because of the difficulty the farmers have to suffer previously for getting a copy Records of Rights, Tenancy and Crops RTC. This document is helpful while procuring bank loan. Delays and bribes were also being asked. But after the enforcement of this project this document can be availed by paying a fee of Rs. 15 only. Under this project the revenue dept. of the state has maintained 20 million records of land owned by 6.7 million farmers by which a computerized copy of RTC is available at the kiosks (BHOOMI CENTERS). This technology is designed by national informatics centre. This project has won silver CAPAM awards 2002 for the in valuable contribution in uplifting of the rural population in the state. End Users/Beneficiaries: Rural People State where Implemented: Karnataka 7. Project E-Seva (Electronic Seva) This project was launched on 25th august 2001. This is the improved version the TWINS project launched previously on 1999. Under this project the govt. of Andhra Pradesh has opened around 36 e-seva centres in spread over the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad and Ranga Reddy district, it provide around 118 different facilities to the local public from 8.00 am to 8.pm and 9.30am to 3.30 pm on holidays. 70 centres are in operation covering municipalities in 13 districts. It provides services of the likes of payment of utility bills/tax, issue of birth/death certificates, filling of sales tax returns, diff B2C services, and registration of application for passports, etc. These services can be availed at any counter in the centre, others than these some 21 more types of services like railway reservations, TTD services, Bill payments of different cellular co. like AIRTEL,VODAFONE,RELIANCE. Etc. Govt. has also earned a whopping revenue of around 2000 crore (Feb 2003). So it is helping both govt. as well as the public. End Users/Beneficiaries: Populace State where Implemented: Andhra Pradesh 8. Project Lok Mitra :- This project is also known as INTEGRATED CITIZEN SERVICE CENTRE / E-KIOSKS, ICSC. This is the first project its kind in Rajasthan. It aims at providing certain INFORMATON TECHNOLOGY services to rural population of the state. The services are like teach the public how to use credit cards for making payments, and others different it related services in a single window. It is a one stop citizen friendly computerized centre located in the heart of the city of Jaipur. The whole mechanism is governed through a computer server which is linked to different departmental servers through dedicated leased line dial-up network with multiple e-counters. End Users/Beneficiaries: Populace State where Implemented: Rajasthan Website:www.rajasthan.gov.in/it/eg/lokmitra.shtm; http://www.lokmitra.gov.in 9. Project Dristee- Connecting India village by village This project is also known as WORLD AT A GLANCE for the people who have been benefited yet by it. This project provides e-governance and provides facilities related to health, education, market related information, and private related exchange and transactions. Dristee offers its platform to any service provider who wishes to market its range of products to rural India by plugging its range of services offered at village level. This provides scope for the rural people to sell their products at the market at highly beneficial prices such that they earn a maximized rate of return. It also provides social benefits like access to education and health care information. It is helping in reducing the migration of people from rural to urban areas. Dristee is presently capable of enabling the creation of approximately 50,000 information kiosks all over India within a span of six yrs. These kiosks would be able to serve around 500 million people, with an aggregate discretionary purchasing power of Rs.100 billion in less than two yrs. This communication backbone has been supplemented by a string of rural services for example:- avedan, land records, gram daak, gram haat(virtual village market), vaivahiki(matrimonial), shikhyat,etc. this project at last provides employment to a large section of unemployed population in the village. Around 45000 people have been employed till 2003 under this programme by the kiosks owners. End Users/Beneficiaries: Rural and semi-urban people State where Implemented: Haryana, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Orissa Website: http://www.drishtee.com 10. Project AArakshi :- This project is an intranet based system that has been developed and Implemented for Jaipur City Police. This innovative system enables the city police officers to carry out on-line sharing of crime Criminal data bases carry out communication and perform monitoring activities. The Software provides a facility to update Perform queries on database of: ÂÂ · FIRs. ÂÂ · Latest News of criminals Crimes.12 ÂÂ · Telephone Directory of Police Officers. ÂÂ · Messaging. ÂÂ · Instructions of Police Control Room on Real Time basis. ÂÂ · Habitual offenders details along with photo gallery. ÂÂ · Description of criminals. ÂÂ · Missing Persons. ÂÂ · Police Personnel. ÂÂ · Property Details. ÂÂ · Numbered / Unnumbered property. ÂÂ · Vehicle theft / Seizure. ÂÂ · Cultural Property. End Users/Beneficiaries: Jaipur Police Officials State where Implemented: Rajasthan HOW THE NATIONAL CAPITAL DELHI CAN BE BENEFITTED FROM E-GOVERNANCE As the various projects that have been studied above in the research paper have been implemented in different parts of our country successfully ; its very much required that such efficiency in implementing the projects should be shown in our national capital i.e. Delhi. Around the time clock , such projects have shown efficiency in the working system of the particular area , laws have been better maintained , efficient property assessments have been procured , reduction in corruption have been noticed , lesser time wastage and a fairer and a transparent government has been achieved. From the above study we can observe that such regulations should be proceeded with the Delhi region as well. Firstly to start with as far as the stamp papers are concerned , the common problem that one faces is the unavailability of the required denomination by the buyer. Due to such problems they have to buy higher denomination stamp papers and therefore a common citizen faces trouble. Therefore if such stamps are made available online , e governance would prove helpful and reduce a common citizens problems. Secondly, if e governance is successfully implemented in the delhi region people and the government can come into contact with each other at a single point. Hence no time wastage on a citizens part and no resources wastage on the part of the government would prove advantageous. Commonly a citizen needs to be in contact with the government as regards the issue of birth certificate, death certificate, and other legal documents that a citizen would commonly reqire at his very own disposal. It is the duty of the government to make his citizens available to all such requirements. Therefore, if e governance is successfully implemented in delhi region , such issues can be easily solved. Thirdly, if e governance is successfully implemented in Delhi , the long licensing and application procedures can be simplified to a great extent. The procurer can fill the forms and the desired information online with just the authentication procedure to be done physically. This will reduce a lot of problems faced both by the citizen and the government. Fourthly, e governance implementation in Delhi and around the regions can make the payment of taxes , allotment of identities , collection of payments and funds and various other financial transactions very transparent and accurate. Peoples legal issues , transparency , faire government , better access to information , change for the working module of new culture can all be easily maintained. With the successful implementation ICT penetrators , lack of trained human resources and very large geographical distances can be easily resolved. REFRENCES 1.Records Of World Bank 2.Sites which were Referred Google.com 3.Referred Links it.delhigovt.nic.in/rs1/e-govproject.html himachaldit.gov.in/page/e-Governance-Projects.aspx http://books.google.com/books?id=xI12St_xx0MClpg=PP1dq=e-governancepg=PP1#v=onepageqf=false http://egovindia.wordpress.com/category/egovernance-projects-around-country/ Government of india, Information Technology Actin plan : IT for all Indians by 2008 ; http://it-taskforce.nic.in Kochhar Sameer and Gursharan Dhanjal , (2005). E government Report Card , Yojna , Vol.49